Recovery of benthic marine communities from the end‐<scp>P</scp>ermian mass extinction at the low latitudes of eastern <scp>P</scp>anthalassa

Hofmann, Richard; Hautmann, Michael; Brayard, Arnaud; Nützel, Alexander; Bylund, Kevin G.; Jenks, James F.; Vennin, Emmanuelle; Olivier, Nicolas; Bucher, Hugo

doi:10.1111/pala.12076

Cited by 86 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A similar shift in taxonomic composition across the SSB has been recorded in the western US and attributed to a greater relative abundance of previously rare taxa [10]. In the Dolomites, however, the changes are better attributed to taxonomic turnover as well as changes in the relative abundances of existing taxa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Subsequent biotic crises delayed marine recovery following the late Permian mass extinction event in northern Italy

et al. 2017

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The late Permian mass extinction event was the largest biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic and has the longest recovery interval of any extinction event. It has been hypothesised that subsequent carbon isotope perturbations during the Early Triassic are associated with biotic crises that impeded benthic recovery. We test this hypothesis by undertaking the highest-resolution study yet made of the rock and fossil records of the entire Werfen Formation, Italy. Here, we show that elevated extinction rates were recorded not only in the Dienerian, as previously recognised, but also around the Smithian/Spathian boundary. Functional richness increases across the Smithian/Spathian boundary associated with elevated origination rates in the lower Spathian. The taxonomic and functional composition of benthic faunas only recorded two significant changes: (1) reduced heterogeneity in the Dienerian, and (2) and a faunal turnover across the Smithian/Spathian boundary. The elevated extinctions and compositional shifts in the Dienerian and across the Smithian/Spathian boundary are associated with a negative and positive isotope excursion, respectively, which supports the hypothesis that subsequent biotic crises are associated with carbon isotope shifts. The Spathian fauna represents a more advanced ecological state, not recognised in the previous members of the Werfen Formation, with increased habitat differentiation, a shift in the dominant modes of life, appearance of stenohaline taxa and the occupation of the erect and infaunal tiers. In addition to subsequent biotic crises delaying the recovery, therefore, persistent environmental stress limited the ecological complexity of benthic recovery prior to the Spathian.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Subsequent biotic crises delayed marine recovery following the late Permian mass extinction event in northern Italy

et al. 2017

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“…Regionally biased ecosystem destruction would leave refugia with less adverse conditions and would allow rapid recolonization of vacant ecospaces through migration of survivors. Postextinction species are frequently found to occur along a spectrum of environments, and within-habitat diversity is typically higher than diversity between habitats, a pattern explained by species that exploit the full range of the available niches under low competition pressure (42). Also, refilling of vacant ecospace by an ecologically diverse group of survivors can explain why, on a global scale, ecosystems remained operating even though species diversity collapsed (43).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flourishing ocean drives the end-Permian marine mass extinction

Schobben

Stebbins

Ghaderi

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The end-Permian mass extinction, the most severe biotic crisis in the Phanerozoic, was accompanied by climate change and expansion of oceanic anoxic zones. The partitioning of sulfur among different exogenic reservoirs by biological and physical processes was of importance for this biodiversity crisis, but the exact role of bioessential sulfur in the mass extinction is still unclear. Here we show that globally increased production of organic matter affected the seawater sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope signature that has been recorded in carbonate rock spanning the Permian−Triassic boundary. A bifurcating temporal trend is observed for the strata spanning the marine mass extinction with carbonate-associated sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope excursions toward decreased and increased values, respectively. By coupling these results to a box model, we show that increased marine productivity and successive enhanced microbial sulfate reduction is the most likely scenario to explain these temporal trends. The new data demonstrate that worldwide expansion of euxinic and anoxic zones are symptoms of increased biological carbon recycling in the marine realm initiated by global warming. The spatial distribution of sulfidic water column conditions in shallow seafloor environments is dictated by the severity and geographic patterns of nutrient fluxes and serves as an adequate model to explain the scale of the marine biodiversity crisis. Our results provide evidence that the major biodiversity crises in Earth's history do not necessarily implicate an ocean stripped of (most) life but rather the demise of certain eukaryotic organisms, leading to a decline in species richness.sulfur cycle | end-Permian mass extinction | primary productivity

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“…The herein analysed data cover a relatively late stage of diversification, in which competition -although intrinsically low -raised to relevant levels in consequence of an increasing number of interspecific competitors, with the effect of shrinking habitat breadths (habitat contraction phase). An earlier phase of rediversification after a global mass extinction event has been reported by Hofmann, Hautmann, Wasmer, et al (2013), Hofmann, Hautmann, and and Hofmann et al (2014) for the Early Triassic recovery of level-bottom communities after the end-Permian mass extinction. According to the extremely reduced competition in the wake of the greatest Phanerozoic mass extinction event, Early Triassic benthic species were able to exploit the full range of their fundamental niches, which is reflected by eurytopic distributions and low beta-diversity that was maintained throughout this epoch.…”

Section: Patterns Of Diversity Partitioning In Jurassic Level-bottom mentioning

confidence: 75%

Diversity partitioning in Jurassic level-bottom communities

Hautmann

2015

Historical Biology

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The analysis of diversity partitioning is a potential tool for detecting the factors that control taxonomic diversification in a given ecological context. Previously proposed models provide a theoretical framework that is herein applied to three sets of level-bottom communities representing different phases of the Jurassic diversification of marine life. The analysis shows that mean alpha-diversity remained surprisingly constant through most of the Jurassic, whereas beta-diversity increased by a factor of 2.6 during the same time interval. Diversification that is primarily driven by increasing beta-diversity is indicative of late diversification phases in ecosystems with low interspecific competition and/or high predation, as typical for marine level-bottom communities. Although generality of this conclusion is not claimed because of data limitations, the example demonstrates that the study of diversity partitioning provides a promising approach to the basic question about the factors that control the diversification of life.

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Recovery of benthic marine communities from the end‐Permian mass extinction at the low latitudes of eastern Panthalassa

Abstract: (2014). Recovery of benthic marine communities from the end-Permian mass extinction at the low latitudes of eastern Panthalassa. Palaeontology, 57(3):547-589.

Cited by 86 publications

References 72 publications

Subsequent biotic crises delayed marine recovery following the late Permian mass extinction event in northern Italy

Subsequent biotic crises delayed marine recovery following the late Permian mass extinction event in northern Italy

Flourishing ocean drives the end-Permian marine mass extinction

Diversity partitioning in Jurassic level-bottom communities

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