“…In such cases, it appears that the swimbladder expands and contracts rapidly, thereby damaging the proximate organs including liver, kidney, gonads and the swimbladder itself (Halvorsen et al, ; Halvorsen et al, ). For example, of five species exposed to high intensity simulated pile driving signals (Casper et al, ; Halvorsen et al, ; Halvorsen et al, ), only the hogchoker Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801), a flatfish without a swim bladder, showed no tissue damage (Halvorsen et al, ). At the same time, exposure to very high intensity continuous signals that did not contain any impulsive components showed no tissue damage in five different species (Halvorsen et al, ; Halvorsen et al, ; Kane et al, ; Popper et al, ).…”