Recovery of Bacillus thuringiensis in vegetative form from the phylloplane of clover (Trifolium hybridum) during a growing season

Distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Soil of a Swiss Wetland Reserve after 22 Years of Mosquito Control

“…Recent studies also showed the germination of Bacillus spores outside their host: Bacillus anthracis was found to multiply in the rhizosphere of grass plants (33), B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was able to proliferate in the phylloplane of clover (9) and in the digestive tract of earthworms (22), and germinating B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells were detected in excreted food vacuoles of protozoa (26).…”

Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis naturally colonising Brassica campestris var. chinensis leaves on neonate larvae of Pieris brassicae

“…Briefly, spores of B. thuringiensis strain 2810-S-6 (Bizzarri and Bishop, 2007) were inoculated into sterilised soil at a rate of 10 6 CFU g À1 at the same time as seeds of pak choi (Brassica campestris var. chinensis) were sown.…”

“…The wash was pelleted at 6000 g for 1 h at 4°C and the pellet resuspended in PBS. After dilution the suspension was plated on the nutrient media PTA and BGM (Bizzarri and Bishop, 2007) to count the number of spores and vegetative cells of B. thuringiensis colonising the leaves. Plants emerging from seeds sown separately as a control, without bacterial inoculation, were sampled to ensure that they were free of B. thuringiensis.…”

“…Evidence does exist (Jensen et al, 2003;Swiecicka, 2008) that B. thuringiensis has symbiotic relationships with some soil invertebrates but this does not seem to greatly benefit its multiplication. It has recently been shown (Bizzarri and Bishop, 2008;Maduell et al, 2008) that B. thuringiensis spores in the soil can colonise new plants emerging from seeds and that both spores and vegetative cells can be found on the phylloplane (Bizzarri and Bishop, 2007) with dramatic fluctuations in population occurring with time. Nevertheless, the densities of B. thuringiensis able naturally to colonise a species of brassica plant were found to have no observable effect on third instar larvae of the lepidoteran Pieris brassicae feeding on these leaves (Bizzarri and Bishop, 2008).…”

Bacillus thuringiensis beyond insect biocontrol: plant growth promotion and biosafety of polyvalent strains

“…This bacterium is ubiquitous and widely diffused in the environment including soil; insects and their habitats; stored products and warehouses; plant materials; and aquatic environments (Glare and O'Callaghan, 2000;Hernández et al, 2005;Bizzarri and Bishop, 2007). It is widely used as bioinsecticide for the control of many agricultural insect pests and vectors of human diseases, and constitues the basis of over 90% of commercially available biopesticides (Chattopadhyay et al, 2004).…”