Recovery of an yttrium europium oxide phosphor from waste fluorescent tubes using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate

Schaeffer, Nicolas; Feng, Xing; Grimes, Sue; Cheeseman, Christopher

doi:10.1002/jctb.5297

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Then, a series of physical processes (i.e., crushing, sweeping and sorting) is carried out to liberate individual material streams. The fluorescent powder containing phosphors is blown out from the glass surface by high-pressure air and heated at about 450 • C to remove mercury through desorption and distillation [9,58]. The only valuable material flows recovered are metals (e.g., aluminum), the glass and the electronic components.…”

Section: Potentials For End-of-life Recovery and For Closing The Euromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional momentum to collection and process efficiency could also derive from a growing interest in securing the supply of critical materials like europium. Spent fluorescent lamps are predicted to contain up to 25,000 t of REEs by 2020 [58], so the existence of management schemes for fluorescent lamps at end-of-life could supply substantial amounts of europium scrap and foster the implementation of dedicated recovery and recycling practices for europium. Industry and academia are exploring processes for the recycling of REEs from spent phosphors, which might impact future supply-demand dynamics of europium.…”

Section: Potentials For End-of-life Recovery and For Closing The Euromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shedding Light on the Anthropogenic Europium Cycle in the EU–28. Marking Product Turnover and Energy Progress in the Lighting Sector

2018

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Phase-out strategies for incandescent bulbs in favor of advanced energy-efficiency lighting systems such as fluorescent lamps and solid-state technology have considerably reduced the energy use for lighting, but have also resulted in dependence on many critical materials like rare earth elements and shifted the attention to sustainable use and recovery of resources. In this work, a dynamic material flow model was developed to analyze the socio-economic metabolism of europium in the EU–28. The analysis shows that europium marked product turnover and progress in lighting efficiency, with this element being employed both in traditional and novel lighting technology to provide luminescence. The results also demonstrate that the current anthropogenic reserve could constitute an attractive source of secondary europium with substantial potentials for environmental benefits. However, nonexistent recycling and market forces hinder strategies for material circularity. In particular, the transition from fluorescent lamps to solid-state technology is quickly decreasing the demand for europium. This trend adds further constraints to the creation of a sustainable recycling industry for europium, with primary sources that might remain the preferable route to supply phosphors to future lighting systems.

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Section: Potentials For End-of-life Recovery and For Closing The Euromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potentials For End-of-life Recovery and For Closing The Euromentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Anthropogenic Europium Cycle in the EU–28. Marking Product Turnover and Energy Progress in the Lighting Sector

2018

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“…Miquel et al [22] VOCs have been shown to have good solubility in some ILs, the application of these absorbents for VOCs removal has received little attention. A particular advantage of the use of ILs in absorbent methodologies is that in many applications they have been shown to be easily recycled for multiple reuse in a number of processes [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the absorbability, regeneration characteristics and thermal stability of ionic liquids for VOCs removal

Wang

Grimes

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Journal

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A novel method of removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using the ionic liquid [Bmim][NTf2] as an absorbent is developed as a contribution to dealing with recent severe smog incidents in China. The effects of concentration, temperature and flow rates on the ability of [Bmim][NTf2] to absorb VOCs were studied using toluene as a model volatile organic pollutant. The potential of the use of [Bmim][NTf2] as an absorbent for VOCs is shown by the solubility of toluene in the ionic liquid; the absorptivity of the ionic liquid for toluene; and the fact that absorbed toluene can be removed easily from [Bmim][NTf2], permitting recycle of the ionic liquid in multiple reuse phases. The solubility of toluene in [Bmim][NTf2] is 61.5% at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure; the highest absorptivity of [Bmim][NTf2] for toluene is 98.3%, achieved at a toluene concentration of 300 ppm and a flow rate of 50 mL min−1 at 20 °C; and the absorptivity of the ionic liquid is >94% over a wide range of conditions. The ionic liquid can be recovered and recycled in the absorption process at least five times, reducing the reagent cost in the VOC removal process

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“…Phosphor emits luminescence when activated by photons, and makes the colorful screen . Phosphors contain yttrium–europium compound (Y 2 O 2 S:Eu 3+ ) for red color, zinc sulfide–copper (ZnS:Cu) for green color and zinc sulfide–silver (ZnS:Ag) for blue color . Yttrium (Y) and europium (Eu) are rare earth elements (REEs) that have been categorized as technology‐critical elements (TCEs) because of their wide uses in electronic devices and their high and imminent risk of supply interruption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Phosphors contain yttrium-europium compound (Y 2 O 2 S:Eu 3+ ) for red color, zinc sulfide-copper (ZnS:Cu) for green color and zinc sulfide-silver (ZnS:Ag) for blue color. 6,7 Yttrium (Y) and europium (Eu) are rare earth elements (REEs) that have been categorized as technology-critical elements (TCEs) because of their wide uses in electronic devices and their high and imminent risk of supply interruption. [8][9][10] The global reserves of yttrium oxide and europium oxide were estimated to be around 500 000 tons and 150 000 tons, respectively, while their global consumptions were 5000-7000 tons and 100 tons per year and increased every year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐assisted leaching of rare earth elements (Y and Eu) from waste cathode ray tube phosphor

Lie

Ismadji

Liu

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Phosphor in discarded cathode ray tube (CRT) contained valuable metals, yttrium (Y) and europium (Eu), which are categorized as technology‐critical elements (TCEs) in terms of their supply risk and importance in emerging technologies. Microwave‐assisted leaching was applied to recover Y and Eu from waste CRT with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution as the leaching agent in the current study. It is aimed to develop an alternative leaching method of valuable metals from waste CRT phosphor. RESULTS The effects of microwave power and acid concentration on leaching efficiency of Y and Eu were investigated. Shrinking‐core model could describe the leaching kinetics of Y and Eu well and it was controlled by chemical reaction and diffusion through the product layer. Higher leaching efficiency was found when microwave power increased from 200 to 600 W, and was also found as acid concentration increased from 0.5 to 2 mol L−1. Leaching efficiency of Y and Eu were 78.07% and 100%, respectively, for Y and Eu within 60 min at microwave power of 400 W, using 2 mol L−1 of H2SO4 at 10 g L−1 of solid to liquid ratio. Compared with conventional leaching, microwave‐assisted leaching is an alternative technology that could shorten reaction time significantly. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of acid and microwave power affected microwave‐assisted leaching of Y and Eu from waste CRT phosphor. Microwave‐assisted leaching could be an alternative process for rare earth elements recovery. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Recovery of an yttrium europium oxide phosphor from waste fluorescent tubes using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate

Abstract: Background: Spent fluorescent lamps, classified as hazardous waste in the EU, are segregated

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Shedding Light on the Anthropogenic Europium Cycle in the EU–28. Marking Product Turnover and Energy Progress in the Lighting Sector

Shedding Light on the Anthropogenic Europium Cycle in the EU–28. Marking Product Turnover and Energy Progress in the Lighting Sector

Study on the absorbability, regeneration characteristics and thermal stability of ionic liquids for VOCs removal

Microwave‐assisted leaching of rare earth elements (Y and Eu) from waste cathode ray tube phosphor

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