Recovery from ischemia in the middle-aged brain: a nonhuman primate model

Moore, Tara; Killiany, Ronald J.; Pessina, Monica A.; Moss, Mark B.; Finklestein, Seth P.; Rosene, Douglas L.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.005

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, other adjacent areas of the frontal and parietal lobes including lateral premotor cortex (LPMC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) may also be involved after MCA stroke but the effect of such large lesions on motor recovery has not been a focus of contemporary studies in non-human primates. Indeed, it has been reported that the parietal lobe is the most frequently injured part of the cortical mantle after MCA stroke (Yoo et al, 1998) but injury confined to the precentral motor region continues to be the focus of experimental study(Dancause et al, 2006; Eisner-Janowicz et al, 2008; Moore et al, 2012). Functionally, the anterior and posterior parietal lobe regions are known to play a critical role in processing of somatosensory information for perception (Kaas, 2012) and for control of hand/digit movements for reaching and grasping (Kaas, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Darling

Pizzimenti

Rotella

et al. 2016

Experimental Neurology

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The effects of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) injury on recovery of contralateral upper limb reaching and grasping was studied by comparing the consequences of isolated lesions to the arm/hand region of primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex (LPMC) to lesions of these same areas plus anterior parietal cortex (S1 and rostral area PE). We used multiple linear regression to assess the effects of gray and white matter lesion volumes on deficits in reaching and fine motor performance during the first month after the lesion, and during recovery of function over 3, 6 and 12 months post-injury in 13 monkeys. Subjects with frontoparietal lesions exhibited larger deficits and poorer recovery as predicted, including one subject with extensive peri-Rolandic injury developing learned nonuse after showing signs of recovery. Regression analyses showed that total white matter lesion volume was strongly associated with initial post-lesion deficits in motor performance and with recovery of skill in reaching and manipulation. Multiple regression analyses using percent damage to caudal M1 (M1c), rostral S1 (S1r), LPMC and area PE as predictor variables showed that S1r lesion volumes were closely related to delayed post-lesion recovery of upper limb function, as well as lower skill level of recovery. In contrast, M1c lesion volume was related primarily to initial post-lesion deficits in hand motor performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that frontoparietal injury impairs hand motor function more so than frontal motor injury alone, and results in slower and poorer recovery than lesions limited to frontal motor cortex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Darling

Pizzimenti

Rotella

et al. 2016

Experimental Neurology

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“…After ischaemic lesions of the digit region of the primary motor cortex (M1) 75,76 or of the posterior limb of internal capsule 77 , macaques compensate for impairments in precision grip by scooping food rewards with one or more digits towards the palm or proximal thumb. However, these movement strategies can change with task practice, as described below.…”

Section: Compensatory Movement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor compensation and its effects on neural reorganization after stroke

2017

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Stroke instigates a dynamic process of repair and remodelling of remaining neural circuits, and this process is shaped by behavioural experiences. The onset of motor disability simultaneously creates a powerful incentive to develop new, compensatory ways of performing daily activities. Compensatory movement strategies that are developed in response to motor impairments can be a dominant force in shaping post-stroke neural remodelling responses and can have mixed effects on functional outcome. The possibility of selectively harnessing the effects of compensatory behaviour on neural reorganization is still an insufficiently explored route for optimizing functional outcome after stroke.

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“…However, the risk of stroke is increased as females age [169][170][171][172]. More severe strokes and poorer recovery was observed in elderly women and aged rodents, regardless of the sex [162][163][164][173][174][175][176]. A primary ovarian hormone, estrogen has been associated with the sex difference in ischemic stroke as treatment of estrogen in the male or ovariectomized animals reduced infarct and neuronal death following ischemia [177][178][179][180].…”

Section: Sex-associated Modulation Of Mononuclear Phagocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Stroke

2016

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Historically, the brain has been considered an immune-privileged organ separated from the peripheral immune system by the blood-brain barrier. However, immune responses do occur in the brain in neurological conditions in which the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is compromised, exposing the brain to peripheral antigens and endogenous danger signals. While most of the associated pathological processes occur in the central nervous system, it is now clear that peripheral immune cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, that infiltrate into the injury site play a key role in modulating the progression of primary brain injury development. As inflammation is a necessary and critical component for the subsequent injury resolution process, understanding the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes on the regulation of inflammatory responses may provide novel approaches for potential therapies. Furthermore, predisposed comorbid conditions at the time of stroke cause the alteration of stroke-induced immune and inflammatory responses and subsequently influence stroke outcome. In this review, we summarize a role for microglia and monocytes/macrophages in acute ischemic stroke in the context of normal and metabolically compromised conditions.

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Recovery from ischemia in the middle-aged brain: a nonhuman primate model

Cited by 30 publications

References 102 publications

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta

Motor compensation and its effects on neural reorganization after stroke

Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Stroke

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