“…For example, the European Parliament passed a directive requiring its member countries to establish an EPR program for plastic products ( Leal Filho et al., 2019 ). Twenty-three states in the US have adopted EPR-based legislation for end-of-use treatment of products ( Özdemir et al., 2012 ), while Japan has enacted an EPR law covering TV sets, refrigerators, air conditioners, and washing machines ( Jang, 2010 ). More recently, EPR has begun to be introduced in developing countries, such as India ( Chandra, 2020 ), Brazil ( de Miranda Ribeiro and Kruglianskas, 2020 ), Ethiopia ( Kitila and Woldemikael, 2020 ), and China ( Gu et al., 2017 ; Hou et al., 2020 ).…”