Recovery and Trends of Peregrine Falcons Breeding in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands, East-Central Alaska, 1995–2003

Ritchie, Robert J.; Shook, John E.

doi:10.3356/jrr-09-13.1

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…40%), as shown in Figure 3. In contrast, other studies (Craig and Craig, 1984;Ritchie and Shook, 2011) have found that cliff-nesting raptors at high elevations or in northern climates tend to select nest sites that face south, or nearly so. Although southfacing cliffs were available along the Ungalik River, raptors predominantly used those with eastern exposures.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…The Arctic and Subarctic populations of Peregrine Falcons underwent dramatic reductions in the past resulting from the widespread use of organochlorine pesticides (Green et al, 2006). Our findings, like those of others (Ritchie and Shook, 2011), probably reflect the overall recovery of Peregrine Falcon populations in the United States (White et al, 2002). Since all of the surveys on the Ungalik River were conducted late in the nesting season, they may not have detected some nesting attempts that failed earlier in the season (Steenhof and Kochert, 1982).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Changes in Diurnal Cliff-Nesting Raptor Occurrence on the Ungalik River in Western Alaska: 1977, 1979, and 2008

Craig¹,

Craig²

2016

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Diurnal cliff-nesting raptors were inventoried on the Ungalik River, Alaska, in 1977 and Changes in the number of nests of cliff-nesting raptors in this small population may have resulted, in part, from natural variation associated with changes in weather or prey abundance. However, it is likely that the increase in nesting Peregrine Falcons is related to global population recovery. Our data indicate that factors other than available nesting sites limit cliff-nesting raptor numbers along the Ungalik River. Spatial analysis indicated that cliff-nesting raptor nests were most often on hills or cliffs that face away from the coast, which is the source of most storms.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Changes in Diurnal Cliff-Nesting Raptor Occurrence on the Ungalik River in Western Alaska: 1977, 1979, and 2008

Craig¹,

Craig²

2016

ARCTIC

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“…There was considerable variation among years, however. For instance, in 2000, very high rainfall may have resulted in low breeding success and productivity along the upper Yukon River, the Tanana‐Yukon Uplands, and the Fortymile River (Ritchie and Shook , this study). In 2004, a year of extreme wildfire activity, we observed very low breeding success and productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…One benefit of counting occupied territories in a well‐defined area (rather than a sample of known territories) is that all potential territories are surveyed, from marginal to best. If a population declines, marginal territories may be abandoned first (Lohmus ) and thus this approach might provide an earlier signal of population declines (see also Ritchie and Shook ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of American peregrine falcons along the upper Yukon River, Alaska

et al. 2016

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American peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) throughout North America declined following the introduction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in 1947. In the 1960s, intensive studies were initiated in many areas of North America, including interior Alaska, to determine the cause of the decline and assess population status. From 1977 to 2015, we studied peregrine falcons along a 265‐km section of the upper Yukon River in east‐central Alaska. We counted occupied territories, documented breeding success and productivity, and collected unhatched eggs for contaminant analysis. We observed 1,602 occupied territories and 2,349 nestlings. Annual breeding success averaged 64%, and annual productivity averaged 1.54 nestlings/territory and 2.38 nestlings/successful territory. Annual rates of increase in the number of occupied territories were greatest in the late 1970s and 1980s (8.6%), moderate in the 1990s (2.8%), and least in the 2000s (1.5%). Reproductive metrics were highest in the late 1970s and 1980s, declining in recent years. As the number of occupied territories increased (14–60) and average nearest neighbor distance decreased (from 9.8 km to 2.6 km), breeding success declined (from 71% in the 1980s to 57% in the 2000s). Productivity, as measured by nestlings per occupied territory, declined (from 1.84 in the 1980s to 1.29 in the 2000s). Nestlings per successful territory also declined from 2.56 in the 1980s to 2.25 in the 2000s. Survey data for 1966–2015 reveal a declining population in the 1960s and early 1970s, increasing in the late 1970s through the early 2000s, and apparently stabilizing in recent years. The recovery of this local population took roughly 40 years, from a low of 12 occupied territories in early 1970s to 60 in 2012–2014. Importantly, the recovery of American peregrine falcons in Alaska occurred without captive breeding, releases, or nest site manipulations. Long‐term studies are essential in fully understanding the biology of any species, and this study provides insight into the unaided, natural recovery of American peregrine falcons in Alaska. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.

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“…The annualized LP population estimate was approximately 21,000 HY falcons when I combined estimates for the east and west. Jaffre et al (2015) reported mean productivity for three breeding populations in the Canadian Arctic (Melville Peninsular, 1.9 6 0.9; Baffin Island, 1.2 6 0.9; and Rankin Inlet, 0.9 6 0.4), and Ritchie and Shook (2011) reported mean productivity for eastcentral Alaska (1.6 young/occupied site). Using average productivity from these studies combined (1.4 young/ occupied site) results in an estimate of the northern breeding population of more than 15,000 pairs or 30,000 breeding adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Estimates for Northern Juvenile Peregrine Falcons With Implications for Harvest Levels in North America

Franke¹

2016

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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I used a Lincoln-Petersen model to estimate the population size of northern-reared hatch-year (the cohort of individuals known to have hatched during the calendar year in which they were banded) peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) based on mark and recapture data from northern North America (including Greenland) from 1970 through 2010. This analysis supported a previous finding that migratory populations in western and eastern North America tend to remain separate, and are best analyzed as two distinct populations. The annualized Lincoln-Petersen estimate for the western population was 16,035 6 2,040 falcons, and 5,245 6 500 falcons for the eastern population, or approximately 21,000 hatch-year falcons when summed. Using productivity of 1.4 young/occupied site resulted in an estimate of the northern breeding population of more than 15,000 pairs or 30,000 breeding adults. Assuming that the number of nonbreeding adults was equal to the number of breeding adults, the estimated total annualized adult breeding-aged population was in excess of 60,000 falcons, and the total combined population at the end of a breeding season was in the order of 80,000 falcons by the year 2000. The peregrine falcon is no longer legally threatened in Canada or the United States, and legal harvest of wild-caught migratory peregrine falcons is permitted for the practice of falconry. Using the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service harvest guideline, and the annualized estimate of hatch-year falcons reported here (after mortality), it appears that the combined annual harvest limit in Canada, the United States, and Mexico could be conservatively set at 840 hatch-year falcons without negative impact to the breeding population.

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Recovery and Trends of Peregrine Falcons Breeding in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands, East-Central Alaska, 1995–2003

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Changes in Diurnal Cliff-Nesting Raptor Occurrence on the Ungalik River in Western Alaska: 1977, 1979, and 2008

Changes in Diurnal Cliff-Nesting Raptor Occurrence on the Ungalik River in Western Alaska: 1977, 1979, and 2008

Recovery of American peregrine falcons along the upper Yukon River, Alaska

Population Estimates for Northern Juvenile Peregrine Falcons With Implications for Harvest Levels in North America

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