Recovery and reuse of acid digested amine/epoxy-based composite matrices

Ma, Yijia; Navarro, Carlos A.; Williams, Travis J.; Nutt, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109125

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It should be noted here that the crosslinking density of the HE-recycled resin was lower than that of the virgin resin despite the fact that the tensile modulus was maintained. This was attributed to the influence of the aromatic amine mentioned above, and the fact that the crosslinking density did not always influence the tensile modulus; this influence was dependent on the combination of materials employed. , …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was attributed to the influence of the aromatic amine mentioned above, and the fact that the crosslinking density did not always influence the tensile modulus; this influence was dependent on the combination of materials employed. 26,41 Subsequently, the resin containing 10 mass% of picric acid in the curing agent retained its tensile strength to a similar degree to the E-recycled resin, thereby suggesting that picric acid in the extract is responsible for maintaining the tensile strength of the E-recycled resin. Indeed, the reaction between picric acid and epoxy groups has been reported, 42 and it has been confirmed that epoxy resins can be cured by picric acid with the formation of radicals.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Mechanical Strength Of The He-recycled Res...mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…25 In addition, Ma et al decomposed an amine-cured epoxy resin using peracetic acid, and the decomposed resin was employed as a catalyst for the acidanhydride-cured epoxy resin. 26 Furthermore, Naebe et al decomposed amine-cured epoxy resins by hydrogen peroxide and tartaric acid and utilized the decomposed resin as a filler, 27 while Hou et al employed ZnCl 2 in the catalytic decomposition of amine-cured epoxy resins and prepared the recycled resin by mixing the decomposed resin into an amine curing agent; however, only the Charpy impact test was conducted to analyze the recycled resin. 28 It is therefore apparent that obtaining high-quality recycled amine-cured epoxy resins by employing the decomposed resin as an amine curing agent is a significant challenge, thereby accounting for the small number of studies reported in this area.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of aminolysis, the decomposed resin can be used as an amine curing agent . In addition, Ma et al decomposed an amine-cured epoxy resin using peracetic acid, and the decomposed resin was employed as a catalyst for the acid-anhydride-cured epoxy resin . Furthermore, Naebe et al decomposed amine-cured epoxy resins by hydrogen peroxide and tartaric acid and utilized the decomposed resin as a filler, while Hou et al employed ZnCl 2 in the catalytic decomposition of amine-cured epoxy resins and prepared the recycled resin by mixing the decomposed resin into an amine curing agent; however, only the Charpy impact test was conducted to analyze the recycled resin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Approach to Recycling of Epoxy Resins Using Nitric Acid: Regeneration of Decomposed Products through Hydrogenation

Hanaoka

Arao

Kayaki

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Due to the increase in the amount of produced epoxy resin waste, it is desirable to recycle this material to reduce the burden on the environment. Despite many studies focusing on recovering fibers from composites, few studies have focused on recycling the resin itself. In this study, we developed a new approach for recycling the decomposed amine-cured epoxy resin as an amine curing agent. Following the decomposition of the epoxy resin in nitric acid, a nitrated and decomposed resin product was extracted from the nitric acid solution. The resulting extract was then hydrogenated to convert the nitro group into amino group, and the hydrogenated extract was incorporated into the epoxy resin by replacing a portion of the original curing agent. The obtained recycled resin exhibited a higher tensile strength and comparable tensile modulus compared to the virgin resin due to the presence of aromatic amino groups. Moreover, when 20 mass% of the curing agent was replaced with the hydrogenated extract, the recycled resin with the optimized formulation exhibited tensile strength comparable to that of the virgin one. This approach demonstrates a novel recycling method for creating a closed loop of amine-cured epoxy resins.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of the Mechanical Strength Of The He-recycled Res...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New Approach to Recycling of Epoxy Resins Using Nitric Acid: Regeneration of Decomposed Products through Hydrogenation

Hanaoka

Arao

Kayaki

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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show abstract

“…The term epoxy resin encompasses several types of compounds such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F, 3 0 ,4 0 -epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (CHE), trimethylolpropane triglycidylether (TMP), 4,4 0 -tetradiglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane, novolac epoxy resins (glycidyl ethers of phenolic novolac resins), glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE), epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and epoxidized castor oil (ECO). [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]…”

Section: Epoxy Resins and Curing Agents 21 | Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and application of thermal latent initiators of epoxy resins: A review

Chen

Chu

Zhao

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxy resin, which is extensively used in civil and industrial applications, shows excellent comprehensive performance, especially as a polymer matrix used in fiber-reinforced composites. A thermal latent initiator, used as an epoxy curing agent, has high storage stability and is widely applied in the preparation of epoxy-based blends and fiber-reinforced composites. In this review, the basic properties of epoxy resins and commonly used curing agents are discussed while progress on the synthesis of thermal latent initiators is reviewed in detail. Moreover, the curing mechanisms, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins with thermal latent initiators are also discussed.

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Recyclable, Fully Bio‐Based, High‐Performance Cellulose Long Filament Reinforced Vanillyl Alcohol Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications

Adil,

Kumar,

Pham

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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The reusability of thermosets and their composites is challenging due to their robust crosslinked network structures, which underrate them as eco‐friendly materials and severely damage the ecosystem. Here, a novel biomass‐derived cellulose long filament (CLF)‐reinforced vanillyl alcohol epoxy (VAE) composite is fabricated that exhibited outstanding flexural strength of 232.2 ± 7.7 MPa and modulus of 26.9 ± 2.8 GPa compared to the previously reported bio‐mass derived composites. The green CLF‐VAE composite demonstrates good thermal stability and hydrophobic behavior due to the robust interaction between the hydroxyl (─OH) groups of CLFs and functional groups in the lignin‐derived VAE resin. Further, the chemical degradation behavior of the neat VAE thermoset and the green CLF‐VAE composite is studied in a nitric acid solution, and the recycled extract of the thermoset and its composite is used again for producing the 2nd generation CLF‐VAE composite. The optimized 2.5 wt.% loading of the recycled extract in the 2nd generation VAE thermoset and green CLF‐VAE composite demonstrated superior flexural strength and modulus compared to the 1st generation thermoset and composite. The recyclability, along with good thermal and mechanical properties of the biomass‐derived green CLF‐VAE composite, shows its potential for high‐performance structural applications, merging sustainability with circular economy for green solutions.

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Recovery and reuse of acid digested amine/epoxy-based composite matrices

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

New Approach to Recycling of Epoxy Resins Using Nitric Acid: Regeneration of Decomposed Products through Hydrogenation

New Approach to Recycling of Epoxy Resins Using Nitric Acid: Regeneration of Decomposed Products through Hydrogenation

Synthesis and application of thermal latent initiators of epoxy resins: A review

Recyclable, Fully Bio‐Based, High‐Performance Cellulose Long Filament Reinforced Vanillyl Alcohol Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications

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