Recovery and Phylogenetic Diversity of Culturable Fungi Associated with Marine Sponges Clathrina luteoculcitella and Holoxea sp. in the South China Sea

Abstract

Sponge-associated fungi represent an important source of marine natural products, but little is known about the fungal diversity and the relationship of sponge-fungal association, especially no research on the fungal diversity in the South China Sea sponge has been reported. In this study, a total of 111 cultivable fungi strains were isolated from two South China Sea sponges Clathrina luteoculcitella and Holoxea sp. using eight different media. Thirty-two independent representatives were selected for analysis of phylogenetic diversity according to ARDRA and morphological characteristics. The culturable fungal communities consisted of at least 17 genera within ten taxonomic orders of two phyla (nine orders of the phylum Ascomycota and one order of the phylum Basidiomycota) including some potential novel marine fungi. Particularly, eight genera of Apiospora, Botryosphaeria, Davidiella, Didymocrea, Lentomitella, Marasmius, Pestalotiopsis, and Rhizomucor were isolated from sponge for the first time. Sponge C. luteoculcitella has greater culturable fungal diversity than sponge Holoxea sp. Five genera of Aspergillus, Davidiella, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Penicillium were isolated from both sponges, while 12 genera of Apiospora, Botryosphaeria, Candida, Marasmius, Cladosporium, Didymocrea, Hypocrea, Lentomitella, Nigrospora, Pestalotiopsis, Rhizomucor, and Scopulariopsis were isolated from sponge C. luteoculcitella only. Order Eurotiales especially genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and order Hypocreales represented the dominant culturable fungi in these two South China Sea sponges. Nigrospora oryzae strain PF18 isolated from sponge C. luteoculcitella showed a strong and broad spectrum antimicrobial activities suggesting the potential for antimicrobial compounds production.

Isolation and characterization of bioactive fungi from shark Carcharodon carcharias’ gill with biopharmaceutical prospects

“…Among the four types of isolation culture media employed, the GPY type (glucosepeptone-yeast extract) yielded the most fungal isolates, followed by the PSP type (potato-sucrosepeptone) and the M type (malt extract). In other reported studies, GPY/GP (glucose-peptone) media and malt extract media were also used very often and were recommended as the most suitable media for isolating diverse marine hosts-associated fungi (Baker et al, 2009;Menezes et al, 2010;Ding et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2011). The reason may be the presence of the rich and easily utilizable carbon and nitrogen sources in these media, as well as the growth factors.…”

Ultrastructural evidence of a fungus-sponge association in the Ligurian Sea: a case study ofClathrina coriacea(Porifera: Calcarea)

“…Nevertheless, specimens of Clathrina luteoculcitella Wörheide & Hooper, 1999 from South China showed a great culturable fungal diversity represented by 12 genera among which the species Nigrospora oryzae (Berk & Br.) strain PF18, having a strong and broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, could have potential for antimicrobial compound production (Ding et al 2011).…”

“…Fungi associated with marine sponges have been frequently observed from temperate, tropical and polar waters (Gao et al 2008;Wang et al 2008;Baker et al 2009;Lie & Wang 2009;Liu et al 2010;Menezes et al 2010;Paz et al 2010;Ding et al 2011;Wiese et al 2011;Zhou et al 2011;Suryanarayanan 2012;Thirunavukkarasu et al 2012;Henriquez et al 2013). Their diversity was mainly explored in order to assess the potential for the production of novel active secondary metabolites with biological activity (Höller et al 2000;Henriquez et al 2013) and, consequently, the real biological significance of the relationships remains unclear.…”

Diversity of Endophytic Fungi from the Roots of Halophytes Growing in Go-chang Salt Marsh

“…우리나라의 해안 염습지 에 포함되는 고창갯벌은 2010년에 람사르 습지로 지정등 록되었고, 다양한 염생식물(Halophyte)이 자생하는 지역 으로 알려져 있으며, 미생물의 다양성 또한 높다 (Kim et al, 2004). 염 습지의 미생물에 대한 연구는 염 습지의 토양에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있으며 (Gomes et al, 2010;Mohamed and Martiny, 2011), 최근에는 염생식물 을 이용한 내생진균류의 다양성과 , 해 양성 곰팡이(Marine fungi) 연구가 점차적으로 알려지고 있다 (Ding et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012). 내생진균은 식물의 생장에 중요한 기능을 한다고 알려 져 있고, 식물호르몬인 GA, IAA, ABA와 같은 이차대사 산물(Secondary metabolite)을 생산하여 식물생장에 영향 을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다 Khan et al, 2011;Khan et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2009).…”