Recovery and molecular characterization of live Camelpox virus from skin 12 months after onset of clinical signs reveals possible mechanism of virus persistence in herds

Yousif, Ausama; Alnaeem, Abdelmohsen

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.022

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…TSD persisted months and even years in some individuals and the lesions progressively grew to very large size. This pattern is consistent with cetacean poxviruses having developed immune evasion strategies, as reported for other poxviruses (Yousif andAl-Naeem 2012, Shisler 2015). This would favor viral persistence in marine parks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of tattoo skin disease in captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Are males more vulnerable than females?

Bressem

Waerebeek

Duignan

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science

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Clinical and epidemiological features of tattoo skin disease (TSD) are reported for 257 common bottlenose dolphins held in 31 facilities in the Northern Hemisphere. Photographs and biological data of 146 females and 111 males were analyzed. Dolphins were classified into three age classes: 0-3 years, 4-8 years, and older than 9 years. From 2012 to 2014, 20.6% of the 257 dolphins showed clinical TSD. The youngest dolphins with tattoo lesions were 14 and 15 months old. TSD persisted from 4 to 65 months in 30 dolphins. Prevalence varied between facilities from 5.6% to 60%, possibly reflecting variation in environmental factors. Unlike in free-ranging Delphinidae, TSD prevalence was significantly higher in males (31.5%) than in females (12.3%). Infection was age-dependent only in females. Prevalence of very large tattoos was also higher in males (28.6%) than in females (11.1%). These data suggest that male T. truncatus are more vulnerable to TSD than females, possibly because of differences in immune response and susceptibility to captivity-related stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of tattoo skin disease in captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Are males more vulnerable than females?

Bressem

Waerebeek

Duignan

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science

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“…Outbreaks are often temporal due to the movement of camels for grazing and watering and it results in mixing of the herds and the introduction of new camels into a herd [7]. In a recent investigation of a CMLV outbreak in Eastern Saudi Arabia [95], a atypical minute pock-like skin lesion (AMPL) persisted on 42.9 % of convalescent camels (8.8 % of herd) for more than a year after the onset of clinical signs and live CMLV was recovered from AMPL homogenates. They concluded that, the small, often missed AMPL on infected animals or CMLV survival in the persistent skin lesions may play a key persistence mechanism in previously infected camel herds during inter-epizootic periods.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Camelpox, an emerging orthopox viral disease

et al. 2013

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Camelpox is considered as emerging public health problem during this decade due to increased reported cases and outbreaks in camels. Camelpox is a contagious, often sporadic, and notifiable skin disease of camelids and is socio-economically significant as it incurs considerable loss in terms of morbidity, mortality, loss of weight and reduction in milk yield and confined to camel-rearing countries. The causative agent, camelpox virus (CMLV) is genetically closely related to variola virus and has gained much attention from researchers due to its recent emergence in human. The virus carrying genes responsible for host immune evasion mechanisms owing to the threat posed by potential bio-warfare agents. Although the disease can be diagnosed based on clinical features, the similar confounding skin lesions necessitate identification, detection and differentiation of the CMLV by molecular techniques. Vaccines are available in some countries and the available live attenuated vaccine provides long-lasting immunity. Further, novel highly sensitive and specific techniques would be useful in the identification of emerging and re-emerging virus, thereby therapeutic, prophylactic, preventive measures would be applied in time to curtail further spread of camelpox like other zoonotic diseases. This review provide overview of the camelpox particularly on its epidemiology, pathogenesis and biology of the disease, diagnostic approaches and control measures.

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“…These viral infections induce various forms of skin lesions in camels. Camel poxvirus is endemic in many regions around the world that have dromedary camels especially the Arabian Peninsula and Africa (Yousif & Al-Naeem, 2012;Yousif et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Camel poxvirus is endemic in many regions around the world that have dromedary camels especially the Arabian Peninsula and Africa (Yousif & Al‐Naeem, 2012; Yousif et al., 2010). The camel poxvirus skin lesions vary from generalized skin rashes to the production of papules and vesicles of different sizes (Yousif & Al‐Naeem, 2012; Yousif et al., 2010). While Orf virus infection develops lesions in the affected animals starting from papules, they progressed and accumulated to develop fissured crust in various regions of the head, especially around the external nares and the eyes (Azwai et al., 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Betaretrovirus infections in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia

Hemida

Alnaeem

2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Retroviral infections have been reported in many species of animals, especially cattle, sheep and goats. However, there are no available reports about retrovirus infection in dromedary camels. Several dromedary camels showed visible tumorlike lesions on and around the nostrils as well as around the eyes.Objectives: Following are the objectives: to identify the causative agents of these identified tumours in dromedary camels and to perform molecular characterization of the detected strains of the causative agent. Methods:We extracted the nucleic acids from some fresh lesions out of these animals, and then amplified some key retrovirus genes. We amplified several regions of the rotavirus genome using the PCR technique. The obtained sequences were assembled and the phylogenetic trees were conducted per each target retrovirus gene. Results:Our results revealed a high degree of identity to some retroviruses of sheep.Phylogenetic analysis based on some retrovirus genes revealed that the causative agents of these lesions are closely related to sheep retroviruses, particularly the Jaagsiekte sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) and the ENTV. Conclusions:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of retrovirus infections in dromedary camels in the Arabian Peninsula. This highlights the possible species jump for the retrovirus from sheep and goats to the dromedary camels, which live in close proximity with these animals in many parts of the world, especially the Arabian Peninsula.

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Recovery and molecular characterization of live Camelpox virus from skin 12 months after onset of clinical signs reveals possible mechanism of virus persistence in herds

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Epidemiology of tattoo skin disease in captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Are males more vulnerable than females?

Epidemiology of tattoo skin disease in captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Are males more vulnerable than females?

Camelpox, an emerging orthopox viral disease

Betaretrovirus infections in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia

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