Recovery and Characterization of Oil from Waste Crude Oil Tank Bottom Sludge from Azzawiya Oil Refinery in Libya

Mansur, Abdulatif A.; Pannirselvam, Muthu; Al-Hothaly, Khalid A.; Adetutu, Eric M.; Ball, Andrew S.

doi:10.4172/2090-4568.1000118

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Attempt to measure the particle sizes was not done bearing in mind that the catalyst particles were visibly reduced to even smaller sizes during the reaction under continuous mixing for up to 6 h. The stirring speed was set at about 250 rpm. Under such conditions, no significant external mass transfer effect was expected as generally reported in literatures [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Mechanisme Of Palmitic Acid Deoxygenation Over Nimcf Catalystsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Deoxygenation of Palmitic Acid to Produce Diesel-like Hydrocarbons over Nickel Incorporated Cellular Foam Catalyst: A Kinetic Study

Hermida¹,

Amani²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2016

J Adv Chem Eng

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Section: Mechanisme Of Palmitic Acid Deoxygenation Over Nimcf Catalystsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…They were carried out either in the presence of solvent or solventless condition using various catalysts such as Pd supported on mesoporous carbon [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] or on mesoporous silica [12][13][14]. Although the catalyst derived from Pd exhibited significant activity in the deoxygenation reactions, they are usually expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxygenation of Palmitic Acid to Produce Diesel-like Hydrocarbons over Nickel Incorporated Cellular Foam Catalyst: A Kinetic Study

Hermida¹,

Amani²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2016

J Adv Chem Eng

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“…Furthermore, a characterization analysis of crude oil tank bottom sludge (COTBS) from the Azzawiya oil refinery in Libya conducted by Mansur et al [18] indicates the composition of the pure COTBS (Table 3), the composition of the recovered oil from COTBS and other critical properties (Table 4), which allowed the comparison with the parent crude oil but also with other COTBS globally in order to examine the possibility of recycling the recovered oil from COTBS into the parent crude oil for environmental and economic reasons. Within the recovered oil, by using the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer method, we noticed 136 different hydrocarbon fractions in the range of C14-C24, from which 45.6% were aromatic compounds, 34.6% aliphatic compounds and 19.8% unknown compounds.…”

Section: Petroleum Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Cleaning Methods of Oil Residues from Industrial Tanks

Chrysalidis

Kyzas

2020

Processes

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The oil industry is facing a major problem with the large amount of oil residue generated in the tanks that store and process crude oil or its products. Research has shown that the residues of petroleum sludge, which according to a sample from the Azzawiya oil refinery in Libya mainly consist of oil, water and solid residues in 42.8%, 2.9% and 55.2% respectively, result in the alteration of the product quality and reduced capacity of the tanks. The solution for this problem as well as the need for inspection and maintenance requires the removal of this oil sludge and the internal cleaning of the tanks. This report aims to review the applied clean-up methods available in the world market and to identify the most efficient, safest, most economical and most environmentally friendly cleaning process. It must be noted that until now, there is not any published work which presents the applied techniques. To accomplish this goal, a total of five manual, automatic and robotic cleaning systems were analyzed and evaluated according to their advantages and disadvantages. The results show that the MEGAMACS with sludge extractor automatic cleaning system with an output of 14.8 m3/h is the fastest cleaning system, while the MARTin where the presence of people inside the tank is not necessary at any stage is the safest. In terms of cleaning costs and environmental impact, the automated BLABO, COW and MEGAMACS systems as well as the MARTin robotic system are the most economical and environmentally friendly due to the closed cleaning circuit and the ability to recover up to 95% of the oil from the sludge, which is returned to the customer and the earnings cover the costs of cleaning. The conclusion drawn is that the current need in the oil industry, in the field of tank cleaning, is the use of high-efficiency automatic or robotic cleaning methods, which aim to reduce the tank downtime, without the need for staff entrance into a permit-required confined space and with the ability to recover up to 100% of the hydrocarbons present in the composition of the sludge.

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“…Storage conditions, storage period, the composition of the crude oil, the amount of water and sediments, the temperature of the crude oil, and the mechanical conditions of the storage tanks represent the most common causes of sludge formation (Corti and Falcon 1989;Altunina and Svarovskaya 2012). Depending on the source of petroleum sludge, its composition can be quite varied, but typically, it is composed of 5%-90% hydrocarbon oil phase, 1%-52% water, and 0.8%-86% solid particles (Goulin et al 2011;Mansur et al 2015;Zhang et al 2014;Monteiro et al 2015;Lima et al 2014). Sludges are produced by gradual settlement of heavy oil fractions such as asphaltene, paraffin, and solid particles; thus, they can be classified into asphaltene-based crude oil sludge, and paraffin-based crude oil sludge (Reynold and Heuer 1993;Woodrising Resources Ltd;McLean and Kilpatrick 1997;Jafari Behbahani et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of factors affecting on viscosity reduction of sludge from Iranian crude oil storage tanks

2018

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Crude oil is a kind of water/oil emulsion, which the oil phase consists of organic molecules with different molecular weights such as alkanes, paraffin, asphaltene, and resins. Due to the change in physicochemical conditions during the production, transportation, storage, and refining, heavier molecules can precipitate from crude oil. Thus, viscous sludge formed at the bottom of storage tanks can cause many problems including reduction of storage capacity of tank, oil contamination, corrosion, repair costs, environmental pollution, etc. The reduction of sludge viscosity can be achieved by reduction of its interfacial tension. In this study, different chemical and physical factors, influencing prepared emulsions (made of sludge, water and surfactant), such as surfactants, solvents, temperature, pressure, and mixing conditions were investigated. Results showed that non-ionic surfactants (like bitumen emulsifier), and solvents (such as mixed xylene, AW-400, and AW-402), injection of additives, applying pressure, and mixing operations had a positive effect on reduction of emulsion viscosity. All experiments were carried out with sludge obtained from crude oil storage tanks at Kharg Island, Iran.

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Recovery and Characterization of Oil from Waste Crude Oil Tank Bottom Sludge from Azzawiya Oil Refinery in Libya

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Deoxygenation of Palmitic Acid to Produce Diesel-like Hydrocarbons over Nickel Incorporated Cellular Foam Catalyst: A Kinetic Study

Deoxygenation of Palmitic Acid to Produce Diesel-like Hydrocarbons over Nickel Incorporated Cellular Foam Catalyst: A Kinetic Study

Applied Cleaning Methods of Oil Residues from Industrial Tanks

Investigation of factors affecting on viscosity reduction of sludge from Iranian crude oil storage tanks

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