Recovery and characterisation of coloured phenolic preparations from apple seeds

A Metabolomics-Guided Exploration of the Phytochemical Constituents of Vernonia fastigiata with the Aid of Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…In Table 1 , different metabolites were tentatively identified using DNP [ 18 ] and KNApSAcK [ 19 ] metabolite information databases. Authentic standards were also used to identify some metabolites, however, due to the lack of standards for the rest of the metabolites, MS fragmentation patterns and chromatographic elution order for flavonoids [ 21 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] and chlorogenic acids [ 20 , 22 , 23 ] were compared with literature reports for annotation. Table 1 shows that the leaves of V. fastigiata are rich in chlorogenic acids (CGAs) as well as in glycosylated quercetin derivatives (flavonols).…”

“…Thus 15 and 17 were characterized as quercetin-3- O -hexoside isomers. However, considering the elution order of the two molecules on a reverse-phase column, 15 was characterized as quercetin-3- O -galactoside and 17 as quercetin-3- O -glucoside [ 26 , 28 ].…”

Phenolic compounds in agri-food by-products, their bioavailability and health effects

“…It has been shown that processing methods influence the antioxidant properties of fractionated apple peel polyphenols (Sekhon-loodu et al, 2013). Apple seeds are recognized as a rich source of valuable compounds (Awad et al, 2000;Fromm et al, 2013;Jham, 1996;Lu and Foo, 1998;Schieber et al, 2003a). They are yielding more than 2 g of polyphenolics per kg in total (Schieber et al, 2003a).…”

Phenolic compounds in different fruit parts of crab apple: Dihydrochalcones as promising quality markers of industrial apple pomace by-products

“…The flow rate was 1 ml/min and oven temperature 30 • C. The compounds were monitored at 280 nm (flavan-3-ols and dihydrochalcones), 320 nm (hydroxycinnamic acids), 370 nm (flavonol glycosides), and 520 nm (anthocyanins). The unidentified polyphenols were determined according to Makarova et al (2015) by sampling in the end of the HPLC capillary and identified as was described by Fromm et al (2013) using an Acquity Ultra Performance LC system a QTRAP5500 mass spectrometer (AB SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA).…”

“…However, previous studies on polyphenols only took into account the apple pomace as a whole plant material (sample), without separating and investigating the different parts of apple fruit (seeds, stems, flesh, peel and core). Recently, a number of studies have illustrated the importance of apple seeds with the detailed composition of fatty acids and sterols (Górnaś et al, 2014a), tocopherols (Górnaś, 2015;Górnaś et al, 2014b) and phenolic compounds (Fromm et al, 2012;Fromm et al, 2013) observed. To date, there is no information about the phenolic composition of other apple fruit parts, e.g., stems, which are a part of the industrial apple by-products, since they are not removed from apples before pressing of juice.…”