Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: a smallholder household perspective

Epstein, Kathleen; DiCarlo, Jessica; Marsh, Robin; Adhikari, Bikash; Paudel, Dinesh; Ray, Isha; Måren, Inger Elisabeth

doi:10.5751/es-09909-230129

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Nepal largely depend up on surrounding bio-physical system for obtaining their livelihood (Epstein et al, 2018). Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and small trades are major sources of household economy of mountain people (Gurung 2007).…”

Section: Most Of the Mountain Communities Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional and External Assistance to Cope Climatic Shocks: a case study from Barpak village of Gorkha District

Gautam

Raut

2019

Jnl Forestry & Nat. Res. Mgt

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This paper is based on the case study which was carried out to investigate post institutional and external support to hazard events in Barpak village of Gorkha district. Primary data were collected from household survey where one hundred households were interviewed using structured schedule. An economic stratum of the household was used as variables for the study. Sampled households were categorized into three sub strata i.e. rich, medium and poor. More or less equal number of each stratum participated in household survey. Simple descriptive statistics was used for data analysis where percentage, weighted mean were used to interpret the results. Perceptions of the sampled households were tested with independent chi-square. Result shows that media plays an important role to disseminate about the knowledge on climate change and associated impacts in the villagers. Climate change information, loan as well as donation for coping to climate variability and technical know-how are the major support that people obtained in the village for coping climatic hazards. Poor villagers are almost dissatisfied with almost all supports experiencing while coping against climatic hazards than that of rich and medium strata family of the village.

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Section: Most Of the Mountain Communities Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional and External Assistance to Cope Climatic Shocks: a case study from Barpak village of Gorkha District

Gautam

Raut

2019

Jnl Forestry & Nat. Res. Mgt

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“…In Nepal, the main categories in which social exclusion manifests itself are caste, ethnic affiliation, and gender (Holmberg, 2014; Tamang, 2014; Jones, Oven, and Wisner, 2016; He et al, 2018). The Hindu caste system hampers the ability of people to cope with crises (Save the Children, 2016; Epstein et al, 2018). Caste and ethnicity are not only determinants of social exclusion that leads to vulnerability, but also they shape the configuration of economic and political institutions in Nepal (Holmberg, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of humanitarian assistance on post‐disaster social vulnerabilities: some early reflections on the Nepal earthquake in 2015

2021

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Every year, thousands of people around the world who face unequal access to political and social power and resources lose their lives and/or livelihoods in natural hazard events. As a result, the reduction of vulnerability has become a central concern of humanitarian actors. This paper analyses the impact of humanitarian assistance on vulnerabilities in Nepal following the Gorkha earthquake on 25 April 2015. The causes and manifestations of vulnerability before and after the disaster are determined through the application of the Pressure and Release model and the adoption of a mixed‐methods research approach. The findings of the study reveal that 20 months after the earthquake, humanitarian assistance had not had any long‐term positive influences on the root causes of the phenomenon, and that vulnerabilities at the micro level could be resolved in part. To diminish the extent of disasters in the future, however, the fundamental reasons for the vulnerability have to be addressed better.

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“…Drawing on evidence from respondents in earthquake-affected Dolakha district, Epstein et al (2018) found that farming households made rapid changes to their livelihoods to survive in the year following the 2015 earthquakes: "The need for cash during the first year rose sharply. As farm land dedicated to food grains fell, some families drew on commercial crop sales and off-farm income and remittances, and others sought wage opportunities locally.…”

Section: Responding To Natural Disasters: Managing and Coping Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Links between Social Protection and Disaster Risk Management for Adaptive Social Protection in Nepal

Slater¹,

Ghimire²,

Baur³

2018

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A key challenge in Nepal is the intersection of predictable chronic or seasonal poverty and vulnerability, with rapid-onset and acute shocks. Nepal in the last few decades has epitomized the 'perfect storm' in which a number of different factors-disasters, conflict, political uncertainty, and challenges to economic growth-coincide with deleterious effects on people's well-being and development progress. While social protection (SP) is playing an increasing role in tackling chronic and seasonal poverty and wider vulnerability and exclusion, recent disasters in Nepal, particularly in 2015, highlight how making SP more flexible and adaptive could allow a more effective and efficient development and humanitarian response. The World Bank in Nepal contracted the Centre for International Development and Training at the University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, and the Nepal Institute for Social and Environmental Research, to carry out the technical assistance (TA) project 'Review of policies, systems and programs in social protection and shock response for adaptive social protection in Nepal'. The overall objective of the work is to make recommendations on possible policy, programmatic, and institutional measures for more adaptive social protection (ASP). The analysis was delivered using a mixed-methods approach. An analysis of existing data (including the Household Risk and Vulnerability Survey [HRVS] data) was used to understand the scope and coverage of existing programs and their links to disasters and shocks. A desk review of literature explored legislation and policies, program documentation and official implementation guidelines, and evaluations and research. Interviews took place with key informants at the national, district, and local government levels as did focus group discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews, especially with recipients of SP programs, at the ward or village level in the districts of Bardiya, Humla, Saptari, and Sindhupalchok. The year 2018 (or 2074/2075 in Nepal) is both a particularly difficult moment to assess the existing policies, programs, and systems for shock response in Nepal and a particularly opportune one. The transition to a federal system means that some implementing institutions are tying up while other fledgling tiers of government are embarking on delivering disaster risk management (DRM) or SP for the first time. Some government staff are being deployed from district to local government assignments and embarking on new roles often with new or different responsibilities. Recently elected new local government leaders are conceiving disaster management strategies in their locales, considering how to best support the most excluded and vulnerable people in their constituencies, and seeking to work out the best use of the resources available to them. The new Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (DRRM-2074) provides the new legislative framework for managing disasters, but implementation is only just beginning. Despite the substantial difficulties, there is also a grea...

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Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: a smallholder household perspective

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Institutional and External Assistance to Cope Climatic Shocks: a case study from Barpak village of Gorkha District

Institutional and External Assistance to Cope Climatic Shocks: a case study from Barpak village of Gorkha District

The impact of humanitarian assistance on post‐disaster social vulnerabilities: some early reflections on the Nepal earthquake in 2015

Strengthening Links between Social Protection and Disaster Risk Management for Adaptive Social Protection in Nepal

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