Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polymer composites production

Bütün, F. Yağmur; Mayer, Aaron Kilian; Ostendorf, Kolja; Gröne, Ole-Elias Z.; Krause, Kim C.; Schöpper, Christian; Mertens, Oliver; Krause, Andreas; Mai, Carsten

doi:10.1080/20426445.2018.1462965

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lately, there has been a growing interest in utilizing oligosaccharides in different applications such as biodegradable oxygen barrier films [38][39][40], emulsifiers [41][42][43][44][45][46][47], thermoplastics [48], hydrogels [49], coatings, or adhesives [50]. The remaining fibrous fraction, on the other hand, might be suitable for production of new fiberboards [51][52][53][54][55][56][57], cellulose nanocrystals [58,59], bioethanol [60,61], biogas, and bio-oil using pyrolysis [62,63]; however, utilization as reinforcement and filler material in wood-plastic compounds (WPCs) [64][65][66] and particleboards [67] has also been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Waste MDF by Steam Refining

Hagel

Saake

2020

Molecules

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In view of the expected increase in available waste medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and the current insufficient and unsatisfactory disposal capacities, efficient ways of recycling the waste material need to be developed. In this study, the potential of steam refining as a method to hydrolyze the resins, isolate fibers, and obtain a hemicellulose-rich extract available for further utilization in the context of a biorefinery was assessed. Two different MDF waste samples, as well as poplar (Populus spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.) wood chips for benchmarking, were treated over a severity range from 2.47 to 3.95. The separated fiber and extract fractions were analyzed with regard to yield, content of carbohydrates, acids, degradation products, and nitrogen. A fiber fraction of more than 70% yield and an extract containing up to 30% of carbohydrates for further processing can be gained by steam-refining waste MDF. At low severities, most of the nitrogen-based compounds are solubilized. Increasing the severity leads to a decrease in nitrogen in the extract as the nitrogen compounds are converted into volatiles. A non-hydrolysable resin residue remains on the fibers, independent of the treatment severity. In comparison to the benchmark samples, the extract fraction of waste MDF shows a high pH of 8 and high amounts of acetic and formic acid. The generation of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) on the other hand is suppressed. Distinct differences in carbohydrate hydrolysis behavior between waste MDF and conventional wood can be observed. Especially, the mannose-containing constituents seem to be resistant to hydrolysis reactions in the milieu created in MDF fractionation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Waste MDF by Steam Refining

Hagel

Saake

2020

Molecules

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“…In deviation from the results, the authors found in their study that the shorter fibre length of the residue material adversely affected mechanical properties [24]. Nevertheless, the statement of Migneault et al [24] is difficult to compare, as alike many studies, only initial fibre length and, thereof much higher length and aspect ratio values were evaluated [16,68]. In comparison with studies considering the process induced particle changes, Mertens and Bütün [16,43] showed values for virgin and extracted fibres via Soxhlet extraction in hot xylene from wood fibre/polypropylene composites based on 60 w%.…”

Section: Recycled Thermoset Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Nevertheless, the statement of Migneault et al [24] is difficult to compare, as alike many studies, only initial fibre length and, thereof much higher length and aspect ratio values were evaluated [16,68]. In comparison with studies considering the process induced particle changes, Mertens and Bütün [16,43] showed values for virgin and extracted fibres via Soxhlet extraction in hot xylene from wood fibre/polypropylene composites based on 60 w%. These values ranged between 1825 µm to 62 µm and 33.3 to 3.0 in mean length and aspect ratio for virgin and extracted fibres, respectively [43].…”

Section: Recycled Thermoset Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values ranged between 1825 µm to 62 µm and 33.3 to 3.0 in mean length and aspect ratio for virgin and extracted fibres, respectively [43]. Compared to the composites based either on TMP (50 MPa) or recovered TMP fibres (49.0 MPa), tensile strength of WPC (MDF) (59.2 MPa) was remarkably increased [16,43]. Mertens et al [43] recently discussed that a small amount of retentive fibres could be enough to reinforce the composite.…”

Section: Recycled Thermoset Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides post-consumer wood pallets [9] and wooden poles [10], lignocellulosic fibres from newspapers, old corrugated containers [11][12][13] and thermomechanical pulp fibres [14] are considered to be valuable material sources for WPC. Other studies revealed the feasibility of particleboard [15] and fibreboard material [16] for wood-polypropylene composites. Especially the latter materials are of major interest as over 93 million m 3 of particleboards and 97 million m 3 of medium-density fibreboards (MDF) were produced around the world in 2016 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Recycled Material Sources for Wood-Polypropylene Composites: Effect on Internal Composite Structure, Particle Characteristics and Physico-Mechanical Properties

Krause

Sauerbier

Koddenberg

et al. 2018

Fibers

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In this study, various wood material sources were used for the manufacture of wood-polymer composites (WPC). The materials were categorised as virgin wood particles (VWP), reprocessed WPC particles (RWP) and recycled thermoset composite particles (RCP) and derived from two virgin wood sources, three-layer particleboards, medium-density fibreboards (MDF) boards, or two different wood/polypropylene composites. All produced wood-polypropylene compounds contained 60% wood material and were manufactured using a co-rotating extruder. Malleated polypropylene was used as a coupling agent. Specimens were injection moulded and subsequently tested for their physico-mechanical properties. To characterize particles before and after processing, dynamic image analysis (DIA) measurement were performed. Additionally, X-ray micro-computed tomography (XµCT) was used to characterize the internal structure of the composites and to verify the obtained particle’s characteristics. It was found that length and aspect ratio of particles were remarkably different before and after processing (loss in length of 15–70% and aspect ratio of 10–40%). Moreover, there were notably differences between the particle sources (RCP retained the highest length and aspect ratio values, followed by VWP and RWP). The results suggest that increased aspect ratios can indeed significantly improve mechanical properties (up to 300% increase in impact bending strength and 75% increase in tensile strength, comparing WPC based either on virgin spruce or MDF material). This phenomenon is suggested to be partially superimposed by improved dispersion of particles, which is expected due to lower variance and increased mechanical properties of RWP composites. However, no notable alterations were observed for composite density. Reprocessed WPC and, particularly, RCP material have proved to be an appealing raw material substitute for the manufacturing of wood–polymer composites.

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Repeated thermo-hydrolytic disintegration of medium density fibreboards (MDF) for the production of new MDF

Buschalsky

Mai

2021

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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Medium density fibreboards (MDF) are currently not recycled after service life, but various publications report on recycling by the disintegration of MDF using various techniques and the properties of obtained recovered fibres (RF). In this study, the main aim was to put back RF into the MDF manufacturing process as closed-loop recycling using repeated thermo-hydrolytic disintegration. Compared to previous studies, the focus was on the recycling of MDF with a relatively low F:U molar ratio (1.11). Urea–formaldehyde-bonded MDF with a target density of 700 kg m−3 was subjected to thermo-hydrolytic disintegration in an autoclave using only water at 95 °C for 20–30 min. Afterwards, the properties of RF and virgin fibres (VF), of MDF produced thereof and the composition of the disintegration water (DW) were determined. The nitrogen content (NC) revealed that RF contained about 30% of the initially applied UF. The pH of the DW hardly changed during recycling and it contained considerable amounts of reducing sugars. Using RF did not result in higher formaldehyde emissions than VF. Compared to earlier studies using a higher formaldehyde content (higher F:U ratio), MDF bonded with modern UF resins can be disintegrated under clearly milder disintegration conditions with respect to temperature and time. The properties of recycled MDF were similar to those of reference MDF; up to 100% RF could be used without severely deteriorating the strength and increasing formaldehyde emissions from these panels.

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Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polymer composites production

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Fractionation of Waste MDF by Steam Refining

Fractionation of Waste MDF by Steam Refining

Utilization of Recycled Material Sources for Wood-Polypropylene Composites: Effect on Internal Composite Structure, Particle Characteristics and Physico-Mechanical Properties

Repeated thermo-hydrolytic disintegration of medium density fibreboards (MDF) for the production of new MDF

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