Recoverable Rosin-Based Epoxy Vitrimers with Robust Mechanical Properties and High Thermostability

Abstract

Renewably biobased epoxy vitrimers can reduce the generation of polymer waste and the consumption of fossil resources. However, both mechanical properties and dynamic properties of biobased epoxy vitrimers cannot be improved simultaneously, limiting their applications. In this study, the rosin derivate with rigid hydrophenanthrene ring and three terminal epoxy groups was cured using 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis[5-carboxylic acid, 5-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane] (BDCB) as cure agent by the reaction of epoxy–carboxyl. The obtained rigid rosin-based epoxy networks possess high mechanical strength and high thermal stability. Moreover, the good shape memory properties, and excellent thermal-healing and recycling performances were observed, because dynamic β-hydroxy ester bonds, boronic ester bonds, and hydrogen bonding readily allow the topological network rearrangement of the rosin-based epoxy networks. Besides, the rosin-based epoxy networks display outstanding adhesive properties (adhesion strength of ∼54.6 MPa), indicating they are promising candidates for repairable and recyclable adhesives application.

Thymol-Derived Trifunctional Epoxy Resin with Outstanding Thermomechanical Properties and Low Dielectric Constant: From High-Throughput Synthesis to High-Performance Thermoset

“…Therefore, for biobased epoxy resins, increasing functionalities to more than 2 becomes an important means to improve the thermal resistance of obtained thermosets. In particular, various tri- and tetra-functional biobased epoxy monomers derived from vanillin, − guaiacol, , itaconic acid, diphenolic acid, eugenol, ,− rosin, resveratrol, naringenin, ferulic, glycerol, dihydroeugenol, 4-methylcatechol, protocatechualdehyde, magnolol, phloretin, and so on have been reported in the recent literature (Scheme S2). The resulting cured thermosets exhibited improved thermomechanical properties to varied extents (Table S1), which highly depend on their aromatic contents and epoxy equivalent weights of these epoxy monomers.…”

Design Strategy for Water/Temperature-Resistant Acrylic-Based Adhesives with Green Recall

“…[4][5][6]8 In addition, the organic solvents used in the synthesis of adhesives are harmful to the environment. [1][2][3][8][9][10]12 The adhesive designed in this work has the advantages of low cost, simple process, no organic solvents, and reversible adhesion (Figure 1a). 13 Based on publicly available commercial information, the adhesive strength ranges of acrylic-based, polyurethane-based, and epoxy-based adhesives are 0.3−31, 3−25, and 2−38 MPa, respectively (Figure 1b).…”

“…The environmental issues caused by the substantial consumption of adhesives are receiving increasing attention. Researchers are striving to solve this problem by focusing on durability, recyclability, , the use of renewable resources, and other aspects. Some new advances in the two-dimensional distribution diagram in Figure a − are discussed.…”

“…Researchers are striving to solve this problem by focusing on durability, recyclability, , the use of renewable resources, and other aspects. Some new advances in the two-dimensional distribution diagram in Figure a − are discussed. We utilize the cost of laboratory raw materials per unit of adhesive strength and quality as the parameter to evaluate the cost of adhesives and consider the total number of raw materials and synthesis steps as the parameter to assess the complexity of preparation.…”

“…We utilize the cost of laboratory raw materials per unit of adhesive strength and quality as the parameter to evaluate the cost of adhesives and consider the total number of raw materials and synthesis steps as the parameter to assess the complexity of preparation. Although some high-performance adhesives have been developed, their high manufacturing costs and complex synthesis routes limit their application prospects. ,,− Irreversible adhesion can limit reuse and result in unnecessary loss. − , In addition, the organic solvents used in the synthesis of adhesives are harmful to the environment. − ,− , The adhesive designed in this work has the advantages of low cost, simple process, no organic solvents, and reversible adhesion (Figure a) . Based on publicly available commercial information, the adhesive strength ranges of acrylic-based, polyurethane-based, and epoxy-based adhesives are 0.3–31, 3–25, and 2–38 MPa, respectively (Figure b). , Based on last year’s trade data from major industrialized countries, the price ranges for acrylic-, polyurethane-, and epoxy-based materials are US$2092–3391, US$3033–6010, and US$3622–7008 per ton, respectively (Figure b) .…”