Abstract:Background
Accurate recognition and recording of intellectual disability in those who are admitted to general hospitals is necessary for making reasonable adjustments, ensuring equitable access, and monitoring quality of care. In this study, we determined the rate of recording of intellectual disability in those with the condition who were admitted to hospital and factors associated with the condition being unrecorded.
Methods and findings
Retrospective cohort study using 2 linked datasets of routinely colle… Show more
“…I have minor comments, as below: It is not surprising to me that ID is poorly identified in English HES data using F7x codes owing to coders' and clinician's preferences for the F81.9 (developmental disorders of scholastic skills) for ID - a recent publication has also highlighted this (see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36940198/ 1 ). I can see why the authors haven't used this as it could potentially refer to people without ID, but I think there does need to be some recognition of this preference in the article - perhaps in the limitations section.…”
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) describes a neurodevelopmental condition involving impaired cognitive and functional ability. Here, we describe a multisource variable of ID using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods: The multisource indicator variable for ID was derived from i) IQ scores less than 70 measured at age 8 and at age 15, ii) free text fields from parent reported questionnaires, iii) school reported provision of educational services for individuals with a statement of special educational needs for cognitive impairments, iv) from relevant READ codes contained in GP records, iv) international classification of disease diagnoses contained in electronic hospital records and hospital episode statistics and v) recorded interactions with mental health services for ID contained within the mental health services data set. A case of ID was identified if two or more sources indicated ID. A second indicator, labelled as “probable ID”, was created by relaxing the cut off in IQ scores to be less than 85. An indicator variable for known causes of ID was also created to aid in aetiological studies where ID with a known cause may need to be excluded. Results: 158 of 14,370 participants (1.10%) were indicated as having ID by two or more sources and 449 (3.12%) were indicated as having probable ID when the criteria for IQ scores was relaxed to less than 85. There were 476 participants (3.31%) with 1 or fewer sources of available information on ID; these participants had their multisource variable set to missing. The number of cases of ID with known cause was 31 (0.22% of the cohort, 19.6% of those with ID). Conclusions: The multisource variable of ID can be used in future analyses on ID in ALSPAC children.
“…I have minor comments, as below: It is not surprising to me that ID is poorly identified in English HES data using F7x codes owing to coders' and clinician's preferences for the F81.9 (developmental disorders of scholastic skills) for ID - a recent publication has also highlighted this (see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36940198/ 1 ). I can see why the authors haven't used this as it could potentially refer to people without ID, but I think there does need to be some recognition of this preference in the article - perhaps in the limitations section.…”
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) describes a neurodevelopmental condition involving impaired cognitive and functional ability. Here, we describe a multisource variable of ID using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods: The multisource indicator variable for ID was derived from i) IQ scores less than 70 measured at age 8 and at age 15, ii) free text fields from parent reported questionnaires, iii) school reported provision of educational services for individuals with a statement of special educational needs for cognitive impairments, iv) from relevant READ codes contained in GP records, iv) international classification of disease diagnoses contained in electronic hospital records and hospital episode statistics and v) recorded interactions with mental health services for ID contained within the mental health services data set. A case of ID was identified if two or more sources indicated ID. A second indicator, labelled as “probable ID”, was created by relaxing the cut off in IQ scores to be less than 85. An indicator variable for known causes of ID was also created to aid in aetiological studies where ID with a known cause may need to be excluded. Results: 158 of 14,370 participants (1.10%) were indicated as having ID by two or more sources and 449 (3.12%) were indicated as having probable ID when the criteria for IQ scores was relaxed to less than 85. There were 476 participants (3.31%) with 1 or fewer sources of available information on ID; these participants had their multisource variable set to missing. The number of cases of ID with known cause was 31 (0.22% of the cohort, 19.6% of those with ID). Conclusions: The multisource variable of ID can be used in future analyses on ID in ALSPAC children.
ObjectiveIntellectual disability liaison nurses in general hospitals could enhance access to high-quality, adapted healthcare and improve outcomes. We aimed to explore associations between the input of intellectual disability liaison nurses and the quality of care in people with intellectual disability who are admitted to hospital.DesignRetrospective analysis of a national dataset of mortality reviews.SettingGeneral hospitals in England.Participants4742 adults with intellectual disability who died in hospital between 2016 and 2021 and whose deaths were reviewed as part of the Learning from Lives and Deaths mortality review programme.Outcome measuresWe used logistic regression to compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of those who did, and did not, receive input from an intellectual disability liaison nurse. We explored associations between liaison nurse input, care processes and overall quality of care.ResultsOne-third of people with intellectual disability who died in hospital in England between 2016 and 2021 had input from an intellectual disability liaison nurse. Intellectual disability liaison nurse input was not evenly distributed across England and was more common in those who died of cancer. Having an intellectual disability liaison nurse involved in an individual’s care was associated with increased likelihood of reasonable adjustments being made to care (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.95, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.32) and of best practice being identified (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.60) but was not associated with a rating of overall quality of care received (aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.12).ConclusionsIntellectual disability liaison nurses see only a minority of people with intellectual disability who are admitted to hospital in England. Increasing the availability of intellectual disability liaison nurses could improve care for this disadvantaged group.
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