Record solar UV irradiance in the tropical Andes

Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Feister, Uwe; Häder, Donat-Peter; Piazena, Helmut; Grin, E. A.; Klein, Andreas

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2014.00019

Cited by 72 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These findings are somewhat surprising given the extreme dryness of these sites and the fact that they contain some of the lowest levels of total carbon (<0.03%) of any soil environment yet studied on Earth (Schmidt et al 2012). In addition, high elevation sites in the Atacama region have a thin atmosphere, extreme aridity, high levels of UV radiation, low pH values, and extreme diurnal freeze-thaw cycles (Schmidt 1999; Lynch et al 2012; Cabrol et al 2014; Pulschen et al 2015). This unique combination of environmental stressors makes these high-elevation sites ideal for studying the dry-cold limits to life on Earth, as well as offering one of the best Earth analogues for the surface and near sub-surface of Mars (Lynch et al 2012; Pulschen et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANaganishiain high places: functioning populations or dormant cells from the atmosphere?

et al. 2017

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Here, we review the current state of knowledge concerning high-elevation members of the extremophilic Cryptococcus albidus clade (now classified as the genus Naganishia). These fungi dominate eukaryotic microbial communities across the highest elevation, soil-like material (tephra) on volcanoes such as Llullaillaco, Socompa, and Saírecabur in the Atacama region of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia. Recent studies indicate that Naganishia species are among the most resistant organisms to UV radiation, and a strain of N. friedmannii from Volcán Llullaillaco is the first organism that is known to grow during the extreme, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles that occur on a continuous basis at elevations above 6000 m.a.s.l. in the Atacama region. These and other extremophilic traits discussed in this review may serve a dual purpose of allowing Naganishia species to survive long-distance transport through the atmosphere and to survive the extreme conditions found at high elevations. Current evidence indicates that there are frequent dispersal events between high-elevation volcanoes of Atacama region and the Dry Valleys of Antarctica via “Rossby Wave” merging of the polar and sub-tropical jet streams. This dispersal hypothesis needs further verification, as does the hypothesis that Naganishia species are flexible “opportunitrophs” that can grow during rare periods of water (from melting snow) and nutrient availability (from Aeolian inputs) in one of the most extreme terrestrial habitats on Earth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANaganishiain high places: functioning populations or dormant cells from the atmosphere?

et al. 2017

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“…This association could be indirect through stimulation of the photosynthetic production which is then used by the heterotrophic component, mainly in the surface and subsurface layer, where aerobic conditions still prevail. In tropical and highland regions, solar ultraviolet radiation (UV), among other environmental variables, tends to have a larger forcing on environmental and biological components compared to areas of temperate latitudes and lower elevations above the sea level (Madronich, 1993;Piazena, 1996;Cabrol et al, 2014;Häder et al, 2015). This factor influences directly and indirectly on the distribution and activity of microorganisms due to induced damage to the integrity of viral structures (capsids, envelopes, nucleic acid, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of virioplankton in a high mountain tropical reservoir, El Neusa (Cundinamarca, Colombia)

Hakspiel-Segura¹,

Rosso-Londoño²,

Canosa-Torrado

et al. 2017

lajar

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“…A altitude é um fator relevante para este estudo, pois a atenuação da RUV diminui com a altitude devido à diminuição da densidade de espalhadores de radiação, tais como gases e aerossóis, e, em menor grau, da redução do teor de ozônio na troposfera (Cabrol et al, 2014). Estudos mostram que acima de 1000 m de altitude, os níveis de RUV aumentam entre 5 e 10% a cada quilômetro de altura (Rivas et al, 2002;Zaratti et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação e Análise da Série Temporal de Radiação UV Coletadas em Diferentes Cidades Peruanas

Yamamoto

Corrêa

Ccoyllo

2018

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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Este estudo tem como objetivo validar e analisar um conjunto de medidas de radiação solar ultravioleta (RUV) coletadas em seis localidades do Peru, cujas altitudes variam do nível do mar a 4479 m. Esta análise envolveu a avaliação do índice ultravioleta (IUV) e das doses eritematosas diárias (D-Er). Para tanto, as séries foram comparadas com simulações do modelo de transferência radiativa TUV e amostras de RUV coletadas sob condições de céu claro. As equações de regressão apontaram coeficientes de determinação elevados (R 2 > 0,91), com alta significância estatística (p < 0,0001). Resultados mostraram que o recorde de IUV observado no Peru foi 23,5, registrado em Marcapomacocha (4479 m). Em relação às D-Er, destaca-se Arequipa com média de 7,9 kJm -2 diários (± 1,3 kJm -2 ), no verão. A D-Er recorde foi observada em Cajamarca no outono, com valor de 14,3 kJm -2 . As doses diárias elevadas e o grande número de episódios de IUV muito altos e extremos evidenciam risco do desenvolvimento de doenças de pele relacionadas à exposição ao Sol, tal como o câncer de pele (CP). Por essa razão, este estudo fornece novos conhecimentos acerca da distribuição espaço-temporal da RUV no Peru, produzindo subsídios para políticas públicas de fotoproteção naquele país. Palavras-chave: radiação solar ultravioleta, índice UV, altitude, Peru. Validation and Analysis of UV Radiation Time SeriesCollected in Different Peruvian Sites AbstractWe evaluate a set of ultraviolet solar radiation (UVR) measurements collected in six locations in Peru: Ica, Tacna, Moquegua, Arequipa, Cajamarca and Marcapomacocha, whose altitudes vary from sea level to 4479 m. The analysis involved the validation and analysis of the ultraviolet index (UVI) and the daily erythemal doses (D-Er). Clear-sky filtered data were compared with numerical simulations provided by the Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) radiation model in order to estimate numerical regression equations. These equations showed high determination coefficients (R 2 > 0.91) statistical significance (p < 0.0001). Results show that the maximum UVI observed in Peru was 23.5 in Marcapomacocha (4479 m above sea level). Regarding D-Er, the highest means were observed in summer at the city of Arequipa with daily averages closer than 7.9 kJm -2 (± 1.3 kJm -2 ). However, the highest daily dose was observed in Cajamarca in the fall, with 14.3 kJm -2 . These large amounts of high D-Er and very high and extreme UVI episodes indicate an important risk to the development of solar-related skin diseases, as the skin cancers. Our analysis provides a new knowledge on the spatial and temporal UV distribution in Peru and an important tool to justify public policies for solar protection.

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Record solar UV irradiance in the tropical Andes

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

ANaganishiain high places: functioning populations or dormant cells from the atmosphere?

ANaganishiain high places: functioning populations or dormant cells from the atmosphere?

Spatial and temporal dynamics of virioplankton in a high mountain tropical reservoir, El Neusa (Cundinamarca, Colombia)

Avaliação e Análise da Série Temporal de Radiação UV Coletadas em Diferentes Cidades Peruanas

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