Reconstruction of the temporal contour for traumatic tissue loss using a CAD/CAM-prefabricated titanium implant-case report

Titanium based cranial reconstruction using incremental sheet forming

“…In the conventional ISF technology, toolpaths may be generated directly through CADbased freeform surface or discrete surface represented by STereoLithography (STL). In practical application for cranioplasty, the geometric data of a skull shape to be reconstructed are typically from the point cloud from CT scan for subsequent model repair [27]. Concerning the technical approach based on the scanned points cloud, the toolpath generation via STL model seems to be more convenient than the approach of free form surface generation as the reverse engineering technique can be avoided in reconstructing the CAD surface through point cloud.…”

Stereolithographic Bone Scaffold Design Parameters: Osteogenic Differentiation and Signal Expression

“…The milling of titanium (inert) prosthetic cranial plates has been demonstrated [139][140][141] and the performance of these implants and standard of care procedures were compared. 142 In addition, the level of postoperative complications in patients receiving custom cranial implants following decompressive craniectomies was also considered.…”

3-D titanium mesh reconstruction of defective skull after frontal craniectomy in traumatic brain injury

“…However, this dire situation can be avoided by reconstructing skull defects. Cranioplasty plays a critical role in protecting intracranial content from exposure and compression (from atmospheric pressure) and also helps to correct disfigurement [4]. Following cranioplasty, many patients with ''syndrome of the Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a treatment strategy used to reduce intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injuries.…”

“…Considerable advances have been made in computer-assisted design/manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) to improve the quality of implants. A number of studies have reported the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3-D) CAD/CAM implants in craniofacial skeletal reconstruction with regard to improved cosmesis and fewer complications, compared to conventional autogenous or alloplastic bone, particularly in patients with large skull defects [4,[11][12][13].…”

“…Most previous studies on the use of CAD/CAM-fabricated implants have focused on the repair of skull defects following fronto-temporo-parietal (F-T-P) DC (standard trauma craniectomy) [4,11,14]. For example, we previously presented a quantitative analysis of craniofacial symmetry based on the cranial index of symmetry (CIS) following craniofacial skeletal reconstructions using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [1] and titanium cranioplasty [15].…”