Reconstruction of the Oligocene vegetation at Pioneer, northeast Tasmania

Hill, Robert S.; Macphail, Michael

doi:10.1080/03115518308619613

Cited by 87 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Leaves of A', maidenii (Dean) Pole, Hill, Green & Macphail (as N. johnstonii Hill) from one lens in the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene (Macphail et al, 1994) Pioneer sediments were studied. The micro-and macro-fossil floras in this lens indicated that hoth the conifer and the rainforest angiosperm diversity were clearly higher than in any modern vegetation in Tasmania (Hill & Macphail, 1983).…”

Section: Fossil Leaves and Localitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, tbe Nothofagus leaves measured from the Pioneer sediments are from only one, relatively homogeneous lens, altbough they appear to be tbe result of a bigher energy river system {Hill & Macphail, 1983). A Taphonomic cause for part of tbe high \ariability at Pioneer cannot, therefore, be excluded, but, like tbe leaves from RPUl, tbe x'ariability is high compared to total range in modern species.…”

Section: Monpeelyata and Pioneermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaf fossils of this group are readily and precisely Identified, and are abundant in some Tertiary and Pleistocene sediments (Hill & Macphail, 1983;Hill, 1983Hill, />, 1991Pole et at., 1993). Taphonomic biases in leaf size are likely to be small since the leaves are robust.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Past and present variability in leaf length of evergreen members of Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia related to ecology and population dynamics

Jordan

Hill

1994

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe lengths of fosst! leaves of Nothofagus cunninghamii. and of closely related fossil species from sedimt'nts older than the Middlf Pleistocene showed greater variation than fossil leaves from youngt-r sediments and extant leaves from modern sediment samples and forest Hoor litter. Leaf sizes of samples of the other two extant e\ergreeii species of Nothofagus .subjienus Lophozonio. N. moorei and N. mevziesii, were no more variable than modern A'. cunninghamii. Leaf lengths of modeni and Middle-Late Pleistocene A', ciinninghamn and ot tnodern A . menziesii were more or less unimodal in distribution, whereas the leaves of A', mnnrei follow himodal distributions, and leaves from the Early Pleistocene Regatta Point and the Oligocene Little Rapid River sediments tended to be bimodal and highly variable. Leaf lengths from the Oligo-Miocene Monpeeiyata sediments were also highly variable, but the sample size was too small to determine if they follow bimodal distributions. The bimodality and high variability in the older sites are unlikely to have been due to taphonomif processes. Thus, within population variability appears to have declined during the Late Tertiary-Karly Pleistocene, although the presence nf cryptic species in the fossil record could aisti explain ihe results. Bath a decline in variahility within species, and the extinction of Nothofagus species, are consistent with ii v\e!l documented Late Cainozoic decline in rainforest diversity in Tasmania, Log transformed leaf lengths of modern forest Hoor litter samples of A", cunninghamti were strongly correlated with climatic parameters, particularly summer temperature, suggesting that this parameter is a strong determinant of leaf size in N. cunninghamii. Changes in A', cunninghamii leaf lengths within Middle Pleistocene sediments were associated with floristic changes interpreted as transitions in glacial/interglacial cycles, but these changes were small compared with changes predicted from climatic correlation oi extant samples, probably because of limited genetic variability in local populations at the time of deposition.

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Section: Fossil Leaves and Localitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monpeelyata and Pioneermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Past and present variability in leaf length of evergreen members of Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia related to ecology and population dynamics

Jordan

Hill

1994

New Phytologist

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“…As well as being the second most widely distributed genus of Casuarinaceae today, Gymnostoma is the oldest and most broadly distributed genus in the fossil record. Megafosssils of Gymnostoma are recorded from Paleocene sediments in New South Wales (Scriven and Hill, 1995), Eocene in South Australia, Victoria and Queensland (Christophel, 1980(Christophel, , 1989, Oligocene in Tasmania (Hill and MacPhail, 1983) as well as the Miocene of New Zealand (Campbell and Holden, 1984) and South America (Frenguelli, 1943). There are only a couple of records of Casuarina from the Miocene and Pliocene (Campbell and Holden, 1984;Christophel, 1989) and there is no certain fossil record of Allocasuarina until the early Pleistocene (Jordan, 1997), although some fossils currently reported as Casuarina may belong to this genus (Dilcher et al, 1990 Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Casuarinaceae are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using matK sequence data to unravel the phylogeny of Casuarinaceae

Steane

Wilson

Hill

2003

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Casuarinaceae are a Gondwanic family with a unique combination of morphological characters not comparable to any other family. Until recently, the 96 species in the family were classified in a single genus, Casuarina s.l. A recent morphological revision of the family resulted in the splitting of Casuarina s.l. into four genera-Allocasuarina, Casuarina s.s., Ceuthostoma, and Gymnostoma. This study uses matK sequence data from 76 species of Casuarinaceae and eight outgroup taxa to examine the phylogenetic structure within the Casuarinaceae. The study demonstrates the monophyly of the four genera and examines the relationships within the family; it tests the validity of the infra-generic subdivision of Allocasuarina; it discovers geography-based infra-generic subdivisions within Gymnostoma and Casuarina; and, finally, provides a molecular framework on which to trace the evolution of xeromorphy in the Casuarinaceae. Crown

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“…Reports of Bluffopollis scabratus from the Tertiary of New Zealand and Australia (Couper 1954(Couper , 1960McIntyre· & Harris 1961;McIntyre 1962;Harris 1965Harris , 1972McIntyre & Norris 1966;Mildenhall & Suggate 1981;Stover & Partridge 1982;Hill & Macphail 1983;Pocknall & Mildenhall 1984;Milne 1988;Mildenhall & Pockna1l1989;Pocknall & Turnbull 1989) point to a probable, much wider, Cenozoic geographical distribution for the Strasburgeria lineage than today, and further support an Australian -New ZealandNew Caledonian phytogeographical connection during the early Tertiary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%