Reconstruction of the global lightning distribution from ELF electromagnetic background signals

Швец, А. В.; Hayakawa, Masashi; Sekiguchi, M.; Ando, Yoichi

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.06.008

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…More details on the equipment and preliminary data processing techniques applied at all the stations are described by Heckman et al [1998], Hobara et al [2000], Ando et al [2005b], Belyaev et al [1999], and Shvets et al [2009].…”

Section: Equipment and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more accurate approach consists in the application of tomography reconstruction by a set of projections obtained as different "views" on the sources' structure represented by distance profiles of source intensity relative to the observation points. The map of the global lightning distribution resulted from tomographic reconstruction by full projections using the technique described in our previous paper [Shvets et al, 2009] is shown in Figure 5b. We can see that solution of the tomography task limits sources to compact regions connected mainly with continents emphasizing especially the most intense areas in the geometric mean map.…”

Section: Tomography Reconstruction Of a Global Lightning Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our recent study by Shvets et al [2009] have demonstrated reconstruction of global lighting mapping by the three-station network (Moshiri, Lekhta, and West Greenwich) that allows tracking the diurnal redistribution of lightning activity between the most active continental areas in tropics.…”

Section: Tomography Reconstruction Of a Global Lightning Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of a tomography procedure to a set of such distance profiles of lightning intensity related to a network of observation stations allows us to obtain source distribution over the Earth's surface [Shvets, 2000;Shvets et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] This paper is devoted to the further improvement of our newly developed technique for the global lightning mapping [Shvets et al, 2009] to implement additional information on the azimuthal distribution of sources provided by a separate use of signals received by orthogonal magnetic components in the tomographic procedure. Threestation SR records are used to analyze spatial variability of the global lightning on diurnal and seasonal time scales on the basis of the constructed maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations of the global lightning distribution revealed from three‐station Schumann resonance measurements

2010

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[1] Schumann resonance (SR) observations performed simultaneously by a global network consisting of three stations (Lekhta (Karelia, Russia), Moshiri (Hokkaido, Japan), and West Greenwich (Rhode Island, United States)) during almost 1 year were used for mapping world thunderstorm activity. A two-stage inverse problem is solved for locating lightning sources distributed over the Earth's surface from the SR background signals. The first stage consists of inversions of the SR magnetic field power spectra to the distributions of lightning intensity by distance relative to an observation point. The obtained distance profiles of intensity of sources are used as tomographic projections for reconstructing a spatial distribution of sources in the second stage. We have suggested the use of source distance profiles obtained from the spectra of outputs of two orthogonal magnetic antennas operating at each observatory as separate tomographic projections. It is shown that the implementation of additional information on the azimuthal distribution of sources, provided by angular selectivity of magnetic sensors, significantly improves the quality of global lightning mapping under the condition of a limited number of observation stations. Maps of the global lightning distributions constructed by the result of inversions of SR spectra show that the most active regions vary zonally on the seasonal time scale and meridionally on the diurnal time scale being connected mainly with continental areas in the tropics.

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Section: Equipment and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tomography Reconstruction Of a Global Lightning Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tomography Reconstruction Of a Global Lightning Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations of the global lightning distribution revealed from three‐station Schumann resonance measurements

2010

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Application of the Schumann resonance spectral decomposition in characterizing the main African thunderstorm center

et al. 2014

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In this paper we present a new method for quantifying the main tropical thunderstorm regions based on extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic wave measurements from a single station-the Hylaty ELF station in Central Europe. Our approach is based on Schumann resonance (SR) measurements, which we apply as an example to thunderstorms in Africa. By solving the inverse problem, using the SR power spectrum templates derived analytically, we calculate distances to the most powerful thunderstorm centers and present simplified 1-D thunderstorm lightning activity "maps" in absolute units C 2 m 2 /s. We briefly describe our method of SR power spectrum analysis and present how this method is used with real observational data. We obtained the monthly lightning activity maps of the African storm centers with a spatial resolution of 1 • and temporal resolution of 10 min for January and August 2011. This allowed us to study the varying location and intensities of the African storm centers in different seasons of the year. A cross check of the obtained lightning activity maps with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite data recorded by the Lightning Imaging Sensor and the derived correlation coefficients between SR and optical data were used to validate the proposed method. We note that modeling a maximum possible number of resonance modes in the SR power spectra (in our case, seven resonances) is essential in application of the proposed approach.

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Studies of the variations of the first Schumann resonance frequency during the solar flare on 7 March 2012

Zhou

Xiaolin

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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The ELF measurements at the YS station in China during the X5.4 solar flare on 7 March 2012 are examined. The first modal Schumann resonance (SR) frequencies of the horizontal magnetic field components were found to increase by 0.1-0.2 Hz during the X-ray burst. During the enhancement of the proton flux, the first modal frequency of the east-west magnetic field component decreases by approximately 0.6 Hz at most, while the variation in the north-south magnetic field component is less well defined. The mechanisms of the variations are simulated with a finite difference time domain technique by modeling the perturbed conductivity profile in the day-night asymmetric Earth-ionosphere cavity and modeling the global lightning source with the raw flash data measured by satellites. The simulated varying trends of the SR frequencies observed near the ground with the altitudes of the conductivity perturbations are nearly the same as those previously reported and are interpreted by the two characteristic height model first proposed by Greifinger and Greifinger. It is concluded that the SR frequencies increase for enhanced conductivity above the altitude of 60-70 km because of the lowered magnetic height and decrease for enhanced conductivity below this altitude due to the lowered electric height. This finding can explain the opposite behaviors of the SR frequencies during X-ray bursts and strong solar proton events (SPEs). The simulation model in this work proved to be effective, with the simulated shifts in the values of SR frequencies during X-ray bursts and SPEs being close to the practical measurements. IntroductionThe Schumann resonance (SR) is excited by the global thunderstorms and propagates with low attenuation in the closed waveguide confined by the Earth's surface and the lower ionosphere. The SR parameters, including the modal frequencies, amplitudes, and Q values, have robust relationships with the global lightning activity, and the inverse electromagnetic problem aimed at reducing the distribution of global lightning activity from the SR records has been proven to be feasible and has become a popular topic of study in the past few decades [Nickolaenko et al., 1998;Shvets et al., 2009Shvets et al., , 2010Ondrášková et al., 2011]. Due to the close correlations between the global lightning activity and the climate, the SR can also be used to detect the slight fluctuations in the tropical atmosphere temperature, the content of the upper tropospheric water vapor and the position of the lightning activity in El Niño and La Niña years; these studies have received great attention in the past few decades [Williams, 1992;Kent et al., 1995;Sátori and Zieger, 1999;Price, 2000;Sekiguchi et al., 2006;Sátori et al., 2009].Meanwhile, the characteristics of the SR also depend on the electrical properties of the lower ionosphere, which are strongly associated with the solar activity at different time scales. There are multiple studies demonstrating clear links of the SR parameters with the solar X-ray radiation variati...

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Reconstruction of the global lightning distribution from ELF electromagnetic background signals

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Variations of the global lightning distribution revealed from three‐station Schumann resonance measurements

Variations of the global lightning distribution revealed from three‐station Schumann resonance measurements

Application of the Schumann resonance spectral decomposition in characterizing the main African thunderstorm center

Studies of the variations of the first Schumann resonance frequency during the solar flare on 7 March 2012

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