Reconstruction of the Evolutionary History of Saccharomyces cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii Hybrids Based on Multilocus Sequence Analysis

Abstract

In recent years, interspecific hybridization and introgression are increasingly recognized as significant events in the evolution of Saccharomyces yeasts. These mechanisms have probably been involved in the origin of novel yeast genotypes and phenotypes, which in due course were to colonize and predominate in the new fermentative environments created by human manipulation. The particular conditions in which hybrids arose are still unknown, as well as the number of possible hybridization events that generated the whole set of natural hybrids described in the literature during recent years. In this study, we could infer at least six different hybridization events that originated a set of 26 S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids isolated from both fermentative and non-fermentative environments. Different wine S. cerevisiae strains and European S. kudriavzevii strains were probably involved in the hybridization events according to gene sequence information, as well as from previous data on their genome composition and ploidy. Finally, we postulate that these hybrids may have originated after the introduction of vine growing and winemaking practices by the Romans to the present Northern vine-growing limits and spread during the expansion of improved viticulture and enology practices that occurred during the Late Middle Ages.

Hybridization and adaptive evolution of diverse Saccharomyces species for cellulosic biofuel production

“…We detected several genomic rearrangements and copy number changes in these evolved hybrids, events frequently observed in Saccharomyces hybrids used in the fermented beverage industry [33, 40, 42, 43, 47, 73, 74]. At least some of these rearrangements and copy number changes probably confer adaptive properties, such as the increase in the number of copies of the Sch.…”

“…Several of our Saccharomyces strains have been classified into different populations or phylogenetic lineages (Additional file 9) [24, 25, 28, 32, 33, 43, 44, 54–63]. When we examined the kinetic parameters by splitting the strains by their lineage designation (Additional file 10), we found significant differences in growth rates between lineages for S. paradoxus and S .…”

Yeast Hybrids in Winemaking

“…kudriavzevii hybrids have been shown to vary genetically, ranging from diploids and triploids to tetraploids (2N, 3N, and 4N respectively) 18 , and to be the products of independent hybridization events and sometimes of multiple hybridization events between the initial hybrids and the original parents 18 . Other scientists have reached the same conclusion that hybrid isolates have arisen from rare mating events between S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii, and that multiple independent hybridizations have occurred, including at least six independent hybridization events for the 26 strains examined in detail 17 , and the genetic changes associated with these events include chromosomal rearrangements and gene loss 19 .…”

An Exemplary Model Study for Overcoming Stuck Fermentation during Spontaneous Fermentation with the Aid of a Saccharomyces Triple Hybrid

“…The hybrids have already been described as being involved in the winemaking process (González et al, 2006;Arroyo-López et al, 2009). Peris et al (2012) postulated that hybrids between S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii had already originated during the winemaking of the Romans and spread during the Late Middle Ages with the expansion of improved viticulture and enology practices. However, their role in overcoming stuck fermentation has not yet been recognized.…”