Reconstruction of Summer Temperature for a Canadian High Arctic Site from Retrospective Analysis of the Dwarf Shrub, Cassiope tetragona

Rayback, Shelly A.; Henry, Gregory H. R.

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[228:rostfa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These historical data represent the earliest available quantitative limnological data for the Canadian High Arctic. Instrumental temperature records from Alert and Eureka, as well as proxy climate indicators from Alexandra Fiord (Rayback and Henry, 2006) and glacier mass balance records from around north central Ellesmere Island (Braun et al, 2004), indicate a relatively cool period in the 1960s compared to the late 1990s and the early 21st century. Temperature records from the DRB study indicate average July 1963 temperatures of 6.6˚C (Oliver and Corbet, 1966), compared to an average temperature of 12.8˚C during our field season in July 2003.…”

Section: Historical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnological Characteristics of a High Arctic Oasis and Comparisons across Northern Ellesmere Island

Keatley¹,

Douglas²,

Smol³

2009

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Rapidly warming temperatures in the Arctic are predicted to markedly alter the limnology of tundra lakes and ponds. These changes include increases in aquatic production, pH, specific conductivity, and nutrient levels. However, baseline limnological data from High Arctic regions are typically restricted to single sampling events or to repeated samplings of a few select sites, which limits our ability to assess the influence of climatic change. We employ two techniques to examine the influence of a warmer climate on High Arctic aquatic ecosystems. First, we compare limnological characteristics in July 2003 of 23 ponds and lakes from an atypically warm High Arctic oasis on Ellesmere Island to those of 32 ponds and lakes located across northern Ellesmere Island, where climatic conditions are much cooler and more typical of High Arctic environments. Second, we resample 13 sites originally analyzed in 1963 to assess the influence that 40 years of rising temperatures (as documented by meteorological records) have had on the limnological characteristics of these freshwater ecosystems. The specific conductivity values, as well as the concentrations of nutrients and related variables (especially dissolved organic carbon, DOC), from the Arctic oasis sites are among the highest yet reported from the Canadian High Arctic, and they are significantly higher than those from the polar desert around northern Ellesmere Island. Comparison of the modern and historical data indicated that most oasis sites currently have higher pH than they did in 1963, which is consistent with the documented warming of temperatures.Key words: limnology, polar oasis, lakes, ponds, nutrients, DOC, climate change, Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic RÉSUMÉ. On prévoit que les températures en hausse rapide dans l'Arctique auront pour effet de modifier considérablement la limnologie des lacs et étangs de la toundra. Parmi ces changements, notons l'augmentation de la production aquatique, du pH, de la conductibilité spécifique et des niveaux de nutriments. Toutefois, les données limnologiques de base des régions de l'Extrême-Arctique se limitent typiquement à des événements d'échantillonnage unique ou à des échantillonnages répétés de quelques sites choisis, ce qui a pour effet de restreindre notre aptitude à évaluer l'influence des changements climatiques. Nous avons eu recours à deux techniques pour examiner l'influence d'un climat plus chaud sur les écosystèmes aquatiques de l'Extrême-Arctique. Premièrement, nous comparons les caractéristiques limnologiques de juillet 2003 de 23 lacs et étangs d'oasis atypiquement chaudes de l'Extrême-Arctique sur l'île d'Ellesmere à celles de 32 étangs et lacs parsemés dans le nord de l'île d'Ellesmere, où les conditions climatiques sont beaucoup plus fraîches et plus typiques des milieux de l'Extrême-Arctique. Deuxièmement, nous avons rééchantillonné 13 sites qui avaient d'abord été analysés en 1963 et ce, dans le but d'évaluer l'influence qu'ont eu 40 années de températures à la hausse (d'ap...

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Section: Historical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnological Characteristics of a High Arctic Oasis and Comparisons across Northern Ellesmere Island

Keatley¹,

Douglas²,

Smol³

2009

ARCTIC

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“…Studies of shrub response to past environmental change provide evidence of long-term dynamics in Arctic plant ecosystems and their relationship to climate at different spatio-temporal scales Aas and Faarlund, 1995;Cramer, 1997). Since the late 1980s, dendrochronological techniques have been adapted to shrubs at high-latitude sites to investigate the effects of climate on growth and reproduction (e.g., Callaghan et al, 1989;havström et al, 1993;Woodcock and bradley, 1994;Johnstone and henry, 1997;Rayback and henry, 2006;Schmidt et al, 2006;Zalatan and Gajewski, 2006;Au and Tardiff, 2007;Bär et al, 2008;Levanĭc and Eggertsson, 2008;Forbes et al, 2009;Rozema et al, 2009). Dendroecological evaluation of Arctic shrub productivity in response to long-term changing environmental conditions may identify unique plant population or functional group responses within the greater shrub or tundra plant community and raise important questions about the spatio-temporal consistency of plant response across smaller regions.…”

Section: (Received 6 August 2009; Accepted In Revised Form 9 August 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the stems are further characterized by wavelike patterns in leaf lengths (Warming, 1908;Callaghan et al, 1989;havström et al, 1993, 1995 and in the positioning of leaf node scars along adjacent leaf rows (Johnstone and henry, 1997). the wavelike patterns have been used to identify and date individual annual growth increments and to develop growth and reproduction chronologies (Callaghan et al, 1989;havström et al, 1995;Johnstone and henry, 1997;Rayback andhenry, 2005, 2006). More recently, Rozema et al (2009) have used wintermarksepta to identify annual growth increments.…”

Section: Cassiope Tetragonamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit maturation may occur at the end of the growing season, with local seed dispersal taking place in winter or spring (Molau, 1997(Molau, , 2001). Reproduction chronologies, based on the count of flower buds and flower peduncles present within individual annual growth increments, have also been developed for this species (havström et al, 1995;Johnstone and henry, 1997;Rayback and henry, 2006).…”

Section: Cassiope Tetragonamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified the annual growth increments (AGIs) by the wavelike patterns in internode lengths (Johnstone and henry, 1997). the terminus of each AGI was delimited by the shortest internode length at the end of each wave series (Johnstone and henry, 1997;Rayback and henry, 2006). Graphic illustrations of the measuring technique are available in Johnstone and henry (1997) and Rayback and henry (2006).…”

Section: Chronology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Variability of the Dominant Climate Signal in <i>Cassiope tetragona</i> from Sites in Arctic Canada

Rayback¹,

Lini²,

Henry³

2011

ARCTIC

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AbStRACt. Our study investigates the nature of the climate signal in three populations of the Arctic dwarf-shrub Cassiope tetragona using dendrochronological and stable isotope analysis techniques. We present 15 new C. tetragona chronologies from three sites (Axel Heiberg, Bathurst, and Devon islands) in the eastern Canadian Arctic, of which three are the first continuous stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) time series developed for Arctic shrubs. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses revealed that multiple and different climate factors influenced the chronologies within and between the three sites. At the Axel Heiberg Island site, the dominant climatic influences over annual stem elongation were previous year (t-1) and current year (t) summer precipitation, while annual production of flower buds was influenced by (t) winter precipitation and spring temperature. At Bathurst Island, annual production of flower buds responded to (t-1) growing season sunshine hours and winter precipitation and to (t) late growing season temperature and moisture availability. Our analysis of the Axel heiberg and Bathurst Island models revealed the positive influence on δ 13 C values of (t-1) winter temperature-and on bathurst Island only, of (t-1) spring sunshine hours. The combined influence of these parameters on spring moisture availability suggests that the δ 13 C ratios varied in response to stomatal conductance. At Devon Island, the δ 13 C values varied in response to (t) and (t-1) spring and summer temperature and spring and fall solar radiation, which in turn influence the rate of photosynthesis. Our study supports the emerging hypothesis that Arctic shrubs are sensitive to climate. however, strong spatial variation in plant-climate response characterized our sampling sites. this variation may be linked to site sensitivity, or regional climate variability due to geographic and topographic differences, or both. key words: Cassiope tetragona, dendrochronology, stable isotope analysis, carbon-13, shrubs, Arctic RÉSUMÉ. Notre étude prend la forme d'une enquête sur la nature du signal d'effet de serre au sein de trois populations arctiques d'arbustes nains Cassiope tetragona à l'aide de techniques d'analyse dendrochronologique et d'isotopes stables. Nous présentons 15 nouvelles chronologies de C. tetragona provenant de trois emplacements (îles Axel heiberg, bathurst et Devon) dans la partie est de l'Arctique canadien, dont trois de ces chronologies représentent la première série chronologique de rapport isotopique de carbone stable continu (δ¹³C) à avoir été établie pour des arbustes de l'Arctique. Des analyses de corrélation et de régression à plusieurs variables ont permis de révéler que des facteurs climatiques différents et variables ont exercé une influence sur les chronologies au sein des trois emplacements et entre ceux-ci. À l'emplacement de l'île Axel Heiberg, les influences climatiques dominantes par rapport à la montaison annuelle étaient les précipitations d'été de l'année précédente (t-1) et de l'année en c...

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Arctic Ecology – A Paleoenvironmental Perspective

Pisaric

Smol

2020

Arctic Ecology

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Reconstruction of Summer Temperature for a Canadian High Arctic Site from Retrospective Analysis of the Dwarf Shrub, Cassiope tetragona

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Limnological Characteristics of a High Arctic Oasis and Comparisons across Northern Ellesmere Island

Limnological Characteristics of a High Arctic Oasis and Comparisons across Northern Ellesmere Island

Spatial Variability of the Dominant Climate Signal in <i>Cassiope tetragona</i> from Sites in Arctic Canada

Arctic Ecology – A Paleoenvironmental Perspective

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