Reconstruction of Solid Electrolyte Interphase with SrI₂ Reactivates Dead Li for Durable Anode‐Free Li‐Metal Batteries

Abstract

Without excess Li, anode-free Li-metal batteries (AFLMBs) have been proposed as the most likely solution to realizing highly-safe and cost-effective Limetal batteries. Nevertheless, short cyclic life puzzles conventional AFLMBs due to anodic dead Li accumulation with a local current concentration induced by irreversible electrolyte depletion, insufficient active Li reservoir and slow Li + transfer at the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, SrI 2 is introduced into carbon paper (CP) current collector to effectively suppress dead Li through synergistic mechanisms including reversible I À /I 3 À redox reaction to reactivate dead Li, dielectric SEI surface with SrF 2 and LiF to prevent electrolyte decomposition and highly ionic conductive (3.488 mS cm À 1 ) inner layer of SEI with abundant LiI to enable efficient Li + transfer inside. With the SrI 2modified current collector, the NCM532/CP cell delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with a capacity of 129.2 mAh g À 1 after 200 cycles.

Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes with Low‐Cost Diluents Compatible with Both Cobalt‐Free LiNiO2 Cathode and Lithium‐Metal Anode

“…Many electrolyte additives have been reported to be beneficial in achieving a uniform Li deposition. [26][27][28] Moreover, altering the solvation structure of the electrolyte has been proven to alter the positions of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), thereby controlling the components of electrode-electrolyte interphases (EEI). [29][30][31][32] Rational design of electrolytes can inhibit the decomposition of electrolytes at higher voltages at the cathode and regulate a controllable Li stripping/deposition behavior, enabling the formation of a stable EEI.…”

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the New Leveler Basic Blue 1 during Copper Superconformal Growth

“…The cutoff energy of the plane-wave basis was set as 500 eV, and the convergence criterion of the self-consistent field (SCF) was 10 –5 eV. The adsorption energy of BB1 on the copper substrate was calculated according to eq . , , …”