Reconstruction of millennial changes in dust emission, transport and regional sea ice coverage using the deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica

Fischer, Hubertus; Fundel, Felix; Ruth, Urs; Twarloh, Birthe; Wegner, Anna; Udisti, Roberto; Becagli, Silvia; Castellano, E.; Morganti, A.; Severi, Mirko; Wolff, Eric W.; Littot, Geneviève C; Röthlisberger, Regine; Mulvaney, Robert; Hutterli, Manuel A.; Kaufmann, P.; Federer, Urs; Lambert, Fabrice; Bigler, Matthias; Hansson, Margareta; Jonsell, Ulf; Angelis, M. de; Boutron, Claude F.; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Barbante, Carlo; Gaspari, Vania; Gabrielli, Paolo; Wagenbach, Dietmar

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.014

Cited by 204 publications

(249 citation statements)

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“…During the slow glaciation in the course of MIS 5, five CDM can be identified with a clear corresponding DO event (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), with CDM 23 and 24 (numbered according to their corresponding DO event) being resolved here for the first time. For CDM 20, 21, and 23, our record shows a steady increase before the peak of the CDM, as was the case during MIS 3 CDM, instead of a CO 2 jump as reported (6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Bereiter

Lüthi

Siegrist

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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150

188

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Important elements of natural climate variations during the last ice age are abrupt temperature increases over Greenland and related warming and cooling periods over Antarctica. Records from Antarctic ice cores have shown that the global carbon cycle also plays a role in these changes. The available data shows that atmospheric CO 2 follows closely temperatures reconstructed from Antarctic ice cores during these variations. Here, we present new high-resolution CO 2 data from Antarctic ice cores, which cover the period between 115,000 and 38,000 y before present. Our measurements show that also smaller Antarctic warming events have an imprint in CO 2 concentrations. Moreover, they indicate that during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, the peak of millennial CO 2 variations lags the onset of Dansgaard/Oeschger warmings by 250 AE 190 y. During MIS 3, this lag increases significantly to 870 AE 90 y. Considerations of the ocean circulation suggest that the millennial variability associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) undergoes a mode change from MIS 5 to MIS 4 and 3. Ocean carbon inventory estimates imply that during MIS 3 additional carbon is derived from an extended mass of carbon-enriched Antarctic Bottom Water. The absence of such a carbon-enriched water mass in the North Atlantic during MIS 5 can explain the smaller amount of carbon released to the atmosphere after the Antarctic temperature maximum and, hence, the shorter lag. Our new data provides further constraints for transient coupled carbon cycleclimate simulations during the entire last glacial cycle.abrupt climate change | CO2-temperature phasing | ice age variability | paleoclimate | greenhouse gas T he climate of the last glacial period is characterized by low global mean temperatures and a number of interhemispheric variations on time scales of several millennia. In the northern hemisphere, in particular on the Greenland ice sheet, large and very rapid temperature jumps of up to 15°C within a few decades, followed by more steady decreases of temperature, have been identified from ice core analyses (1, 2). 25 of these so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events have been found during the last glacial period. For each of these events, an associated Antarctic temperature variation has been also documented in Antarctic ice cores (Antarctic Isotope Maximum [AIM] events) (3). Antarctic temperatures increase siteadily when Greenland is in the cold phase and slowly decrease following the abrupt temperature increase in Greenland during a DO event. This behavior is explained by the concept of an oceanic thermal bipolar seesaw, where variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and associated changes in heat transport across the equator to the North Atlantic modulate the southern and northern hemisphere temperatures during each of these events (4).Previous reconstructions of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during these millennial-scale variations show that CO 2 varies largely in parallel with the major AIM events (...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C) ΔT record (reference temperature is the average from 1.2-2 kyr BP) from the EDML ice core (40). (D) non-sea salt (nss) Ca 2þ flux measured at the EDML ice core (19). With the exception of the Vostok data, all records are synchronized to and plotted on the EDML1 Scenario 4 age scale (13).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Bereiter

Lüthi

Siegrist

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

150

188

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“…Unfortunately, there is evidence for possible analytical shortcomings regarding the determination of Ca 2+ in this particular study. Part of the early Holocene samples from this study showed unrealistically high Ca 2+ concentrations when compared to the exhaustive profiles available from EDC (18) and EDML (19) and were therefore excluded from the data set. This applied to IC as well as CFA data.…”

Section: Insoluble Particles the Comparison Of Lpd Vs CC Data Of Insmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…refs 8-14, and Ca 2+ ion concentration, e.g. refs [15][16][17][18][19]. These have been complemented over recent years by a large suite of other proxies with multiple measurement techniques for the soluble and insoluble fractions of the mineral dust aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proxies and Measurement Techniques for Mineral Dust in Antarctic Ice Cores

Ruth

Barbante

Bigler

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To improve quantitative interpretation of ice core aeolian dust records, a systematic methodological comparison was made. This involved methods for water-insoluble particle counting (Coulter counter and laser-sensing particle detector), soluble ion analysis (ion chromatography and continuous flow analysis), elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy at pH 1 and after full acid digestion), and waterinsoluble elemental analysis (proton induced X-ray emission). Antarctic ice core samples covering the last deglaciation from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and the EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) cores were used. All methods correlate very well among each other, but the ratios of glacial age to Holocene concentrations, which are typically a factor ∼100, differ between the methods by up to a factor of 2 with insoluble particles showing the largest variability. The recovery of ICP-MS measurements depends on the digestion method and is different for different elements and during different climatic periods. EDC and EDML samples have similar dust composition, which suggests a common dust source or a common mixture of sources for the two sites. The analyzed samples further reveal a change of dust composition during the last deglaciation.

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“…First, we simulate a plausible signature of a glacial-interglacial weakening of the marine biological pump by forcing a decrease in the strength of the Subantarctic biological pump from near full efficiency (PO 4 = 0.2 mmol m −3 ) to preindustrial level (PO 4 = 1.4 mmol m −3 ). The timing of this change is scaled to the decrease in dust delivery to Antarctica (16). This leads to an increase in CO 2 and decrease of δ 13 C-CO 2 ; the relationship is characterized in our model with y 0 equal to −8.6‰.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon isotopes characterize rapid changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide during the last deglaciation

Bauska

Baggenstos

Brook

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

130

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An understanding of the mechanisms that control CO 2 change during glacial-interglacial cycles remains elusive. Here we help to constrain changing sources with a high-precision, high-resolution deglacial record of the stable isotopic composition of carbon in CO 2 (δ 13 C-CO 2 ) in air extracted from ice samples from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. During the initial rise in atmospheric CO 2 from 17.6 to 15.5 ka, these data demarcate a decrease in δ 13 C-CO 2 , likely due to a weakened oceanic biological pump. From 15.5 to 11.5 ka, the continued atmospheric CO 2 rise of 40 ppm is associated with small changes in δ 13 C-CO 2 , consistent with a nearly equal contribution from a further weakening of the biological pump and rising ocean temperature. These two trends, related to marine sources, are punctuated at 16.3 and 12.9 ka with abrupt, century-scale perturbations in δ 13 C-CO 2 that suggest rapid oxidation of organic land carbon or enhanced air-sea gas exchange in the Southern Ocean. Additional century-scale increases in atmospheric CO 2 coincident with increases in atmospheric CH 4 and Northern Hemisphere temperature at the onset of the Bølling (14.6-14.3 ka) and Holocene (11.6-11.4 ka) intervals are associated with small changes in δ 13 C-CO 2 , suggesting a combination of sources that included rising surface ocean temperature.ice cores | paleoclimate | carbon cycle | atmospheric CO 2 | last deglaciation O ver thirty years ago ice cores provided the first clear evidence that atmospheric CO 2 increased by about 75 ppm as Earth transitioned from a glacial to an interglacial state (1, 2). After decades of research, the underlying mechanisms that drive glacial-interglacial CO 2 cycles are still unclear. A tentative consensus has formed that the deglaciation is characterized by a net transfer of carbon from the ocean to the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere, through a combination of changes in ocean temperature, nutrient utilization, circulation, and alkalinity. Partitioning these changes in terms of magnitude and timing is challenging. Estimates of the glacial-interglacial carbon cycle budget are highly uncertain, ranging from 20-30 ppm for the effect of rising ocean temperature, 5-55 ppm for ocean circulation changes, and 5-30 ppm for decreasing iron fertilization (3, 4), with feedbacks from CaCO 3 compensation accounting for up to 30 ppm (5, 6).A precise history of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide (δ 13 C-CO 2 ) can constrain key processes controlling atmospheric CO 2 (7,8). A low-resolution record from the Taylor Dome ice core (9) identified a decrease in δ 13 C-CO 2 at the onset of the deglacial CO 2 rise that was followed by increases in both CO 2 and δ 13 C-CO 2 (Fig. 1). A higher-resolution record from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C (EDC) ice core (10) provided additional support for the rapid δ 13 C-CO 2 decrease associated with the initial CO 2 rise, and box modeling indicated that this decrease was consistent with changes in marine productivity. The r...

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Reconstruction of millennial changes in dust emission, transport and regional sea ice coverage using the deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica

Cited by 204 publications

References 75 publications

Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Proxies and Measurement Techniques for Mineral Dust in Antarctic Ice Cores

Carbon isotopes characterize rapid changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide during the last deglaciation

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Reconstruction of millennial changes in dust emission, transport and regional sea ice coverage using the deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica

Cited by 204 publications

References 75 publications

Mode change of millennial CO 2 variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Mode change of millennial CO 2 variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Proxies and Measurement Techniques for Mineral Dust in Antarctic Ice Cores

Carbon isotopes characterize rapid changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide during the last deglaciation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw