Reconstruction of low-temperature binary phase diagrams using a constrained least squares method: Application to the H2O-CsCl system

Dubois, Michel; Royer, Jean‐Jacques; Weisbrod, Alain; Shtuka, Arben

doi:10.1127/ejm/5/6/1145

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…[68] We derive the freezing point depression for an aqueous solution mixture of InstantOcean TM and CsCl. The eutectic temperature T E of CsCl(aq) is À23.7°C [Dubois et al, 1993;Monnin and Dubois, 1999], very close to that of hydrohalite (NaCl Á2H 2 0) in seawater T E = À22.7°C [Eicken, 2003]. We limit ourselves to temperatures above these, and modify the approach of Cox and Weeks [1983] and Leppäranta and Manninen [1988], both of which use the following functional forms to find the brine volume fraction, v b :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here J = 1 for InstantOcean TM , J = 2 for CsCl, and T q,J (m T ) is the freezing point depression of each solution if it had the total ionic strength of the combined solution. Ionic strength can be converted to salinity using the composition and ionic masses in InstantOcean TM and CsCl (aq For InstantOcean TM we used the freezing point depression of standard seawater [Cox and Weeks, 1983] and for CsCl (aq) the result of Dubois et al [1993]. These are fits to experimental data T q;IO ½ C ¼ À0:5989 S À 1:142 Â 10 À3 S 2 À 5:409 Â 10 À4 S 3 ; ðA5aÞ T q;CsCl ½ C ¼ À0:2049 S À 4:96 Â 10 À4 S 2 À 7:42 Â 10 À5 S 3 :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic strength can be converted to salinity using the composition and ionic masses in InstantOcean TM and CsCl (aq For InstantOcean TM we used the freezing point depression of standard seawater [Cox and Weeks, 1983] and for CsCl (aq) the result of Dubois et al [1993]. These are fits to experimental data …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the successful application of percolation theory here at the intracrystalline scale, and previously at the bulk scale [Golden et al, 1998a[Golden et al, , 2007, we conclude that percolation theory holds promise as a multiscale framework to develop a realistic, predictive model of sea ice transport properties. [Dubois et al, 1993;Monnin and Dubois, 1999], very close to that of hydrohalite (NaCl Á2H 2 0) in seawater T E = À22.7°C [Eicken, 2003]. We limit ourselves to temperatures above these, and modify the approach of Cox and Weeks [1983] and Leppäranta and Manninen [1988], both of which use the following functional forms to find the brine volume fraction, v b :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore space percolation in sea ice single crystals

et al. 2009

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[1] We have imaged sea ice single crystals with X-ray computed tomography, and characterized the thermal evolution of the pore space with percolation theory. Between À18°C and À3°C the porosity ranged from 2 to 12% and we found arrays of near-parallel intracrystalline brine layers whose connectivity and complex morphology varied with temperature. We have computed key porosity-dependent functions of classical percolation theory directly from the thermally driven pore space evolution of an individual sample. This analysis is novel for a natural material and provides the first direct demonstration of a connectivity threshold in the brine microstructure of sea ice. In previous works this critical behavior has been inferred indirectly from bulk property measurements in polycrystalline samples. From a finite-size scaling analysis we find a vertical critical porosity p c,v = 4.6 ± 0.7%. We find lateral anisotropy with p c,pll = 9 ± 2% parallel to the layers and p c,perp = 14 ± 4% perpendicular to them. Lateral connectivity is established at higher brine volumes by the formation of thin necks between the brine layers. We relate these results to measured anisotropy in the bulk dc conductivity and fluid permeability using a dual porosity conceptual model. Our results shed new light on the complex microstructure of sea ice, highlighting single crystal anisotropy and a step toward a realistic transport property model for sea ice based on percolation theory. We present full experimental details of our imaging and segmentation methodology based on a phase relation formulation more widely applicable to ice-solute systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore space percolation in sea ice single crystals

et al. 2009

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“…Subsequently, the frozen samples were held at either −20 or −25 °C; the specimen chamber of the ESEM was closed and evacuated to 500 Pa. The chosen temperatures allow us to observe the differences in the sublimation above and below the Teu, whose literature value ranges from −24.83 to −22.3 °C (Chen et al, 2005;Cohen-Adad and Lorimer, 1991;Dubois et al, 1993;Fujiwara and Nishimoto, 1998;Gao et al, 2017;Monnin and Dubois, 1999).…”

Section: (Iii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublimation of frozen CsCl solutions in ESEM: determining the number and size of salt particles relevant to sea-salt aerosols

Vetráková

Neděla²,

Runštuk³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. We identified the factors that, during the sublimation of a frozen CsCl solution, are important in generating fine salt particles as a possible source of salt aerosol. The number, size, and structure of the particles that remain after ice sublimation were investigated with respect to the concentration of the salt in the sample, the freezing method, and the sublimation temperature. The last-named aspect is evidently of primary importance for the preference of fine salt crystals over a large compact piece of salt. Independently of the concentration and freezing method tested, the sublimation of the frozen samples above the eutectic temperature (Teu) yielded a large compact piece of salt, namely, an improbable source of aerosol particles. Small salt particles that might be a source of atmospheric aerosols were formed predominantly at the temperatures below Teu, and their structures strongly depended on the concentration of the salt. For example, the sublimation of those samples that exhibited less than 8 psu (0.05 M) often produced small aerosolizable isolated particles readily able to be windblown. Conversely, the sublimation of 78 psu (0.5 M) samples led to the formation of relatively stable and largely interconnected salt structures. Presumably, our findings have important implications because the formed salt particles may assume the role of cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating particles, affect polar atmospheric radiative forcing, and facilitate heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry.

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