Reconstruction of hydrothermal fluid composition of the Kamthai carbonatite complex, India using lattice strain model: Implications for LREE/HREE fractionation

Patel, Ashim Kumar; Upadhyay, Dewashish; Mishra, Biswajit; Pruseth, Kamal Lochan

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107097

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…From these observations and the above it is apparent that the compositions of carbocernaite given by Patel et al; (2023a) using a 50nA beam current, even with defocussing (1-15 microns), reflect signif icant alkali loss resu lting in sign ificant A-site cation deficiencies. Hence, Na 2O contents reported by Patel et al (2023a) range from 0.1 -2.8 wt.%; i.e considerably less than typical carbocernaite compositions which vary from 2.5-5.4 wt. Na 2O, with the majority in the range of 3-5 wt.% (Wall et al,1993;Zaitsev et al, 1998;Chakhmouradian et al, 2017;Sitinikova et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Daqingshanite-bearing rocks which have not been subjected to extensive secondary carbohydrothermal alteration in terms of their modal mineralogy are best termed barite bastnäsite carbocernaite carbothermalites (see belo w). Note that Patel et al (2023b) provided a paragenetic sequence for the carbothermalites which inexplicably does not include daqingshanite.…”

Section: Geological Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kamthai carbothermalites (sensu lato) are fine grained microbreccias which exhibit extra -ordinarily complex dissolution, re-precipitation and secondary replacement textures. Data given by Patel et al (2023a) show that Kamthai calcite exhibits a very wide range of textural and compositional types that actually cannot always be placed objectively in any simple paragenetic sequence, although they suggest that there is a broad division between "magmatic" and "hydrothermal" assemblages. These have been described by Patel et al (2023a,b) and Upadhyay et al…”

Section: Geological Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021), who claim that diverse "primary" and "secondary mineral assemblages" can be recognized. Primary assemblages are considered by Patel et al (2023b) to include Sr -bearing calcite (3-12 wt.% SrO) termed "magmatic calcite" although this interpretation appears to include magmatic and carbothermal calcite compositions, and is based upon the incorrect assumption that all primary calcite must be Sr rich. However, given that most of the calcite in the carbothermalite breccias do not have the allotriomorphic granular textures or compositional features of the low Sr contents of bona fide magmatic calcite these are best described as carbothermal calcite.…”

Section: Geological Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these are too small for accurate analysis it is apparent that they consist of Ba -Mn-bearing Sr-calcite (c.28.5 SrO; c.1.0 BaO; 1 % MnO wt.%) intergrown with relatively Sr-poor calcite (c.12 % wt.% SrO ) enriched in M gO (0.4 wt.%), MnO (c.2 wt.% and REE (wt.% :0.9 La 2O3; 1.7 Ce2O3). Patel et al (2023a) describe these as secondary carbocernaite although the crystals in the intergrowths are actually too small for accurate EMP analysis.…”

Section: Paragenetic Typementioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and Paragenesis of Daqingshanite from the Kamthai Carbothermalite, Rajasthan, India.

Mitchell

2024

MinMag

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Daqingshanite in the Kamthai REE deposit (India) occurs as two paragenetic types: primary granular coarse grained crystals coexist ing with primary carbocernaite, barite and bastnäsite; and as aligned micro -ovoid globules within clasts of Sr-bearing calcite. Carbocernaite forming trellis-type lamellae in some of these calcite clasts do not represent exsolution and are considered as rep lacement textures as they formed subsequent to daqingshanite. The origins of the textural relations of the microglobules of daqingshanite to their host Sr-calcite cannot be unambiguously determined, although an exsolution origin is not considered feasible. The textures are similar to those of "chalcopyrite disease" and as such could be interpreted as replacement features formed in a low temperature carbothermal environment which should facilitate replacement. Given that daqingshanite is an early crystallizing phase it is also possible that cotectic crystallization with Sr-calcite occurred, followed by subsolidus re -equilibration with recrystallization along specific crystallo graphic planes in the calcite. The Kamthai REE deposit is best described as a low temperature carbothermalite microbreccia consisting of a wide variety of clasts resulting from the autobrecciation of rocks formed during, and after, the magmatic to carbothermal transition of an undetermined parental calcite carbonatite-forming magma. Many clasts have been replaced by late stage La -enriched carbothermal fluids mixed with exogenous water during the final low temperature stage of evolution of the deposit.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Geological Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paragenetic Typementioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and Paragenesis of Daqingshanite from the Kamthai Carbothermalite, Rajasthan, India.

Mitchell

2024

MinMag

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Indian ore deposits: current genetic understandings

Mishra,

Upadhyay

2024

Proc.Indian Natl. Sci. Acad.

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Complexation of REE in Hydrothermal Fluids and Its Significance on REE Mineralization

Di,

Ding

2024

Minerals

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Rare earth elements (REEs) have recently been classified as critical and strategic metals due to their importance in modern society. Research on the geochemical behaviors and mineralization of REEs not only provides essential guidance for mineral exploration but also holds great significance in enhancing our understanding of Earth’s origin and evolution. This paper reviews recent research on the occurrence characteristics, deposit types, and hydrothermal behaviors of REEs, with a particular focus on comparing the complexation and transport of REEs by F, Cl, S, C, P, OH, and organic ligands in fluids. Due to the very weak hydrolysis of REE ions, they predominantly exist as either hydrated ions or free ions in low-temperature and acidic to weakly basic fluids. As the ligand activity increases, the general order of transporting REEs is Cl− ≈ > F− ≈ > > OH− under acidic conditions or OH− > ≈ Cl− > F− under alkaline conditions. In acidic to neutral hydrothermal systems, the transport of REEs is primarily dominated by and Cl− ions while the deposition of REEs could be influenced by F−, , and ions. In neutral to alkaline hydrothermal systems, REEs mainly exist in fluids as hydroxyl complexes or other ligand-bearing hydroxyl complexes. Additionally suggested are further comprehensive investigations that will fill significant gaps in our understanding of mechanisms governing the transport and enrichment of REEs in hydrothermal fluids.

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Reconstruction of hydrothermal fluid composition of the Kamthai carbonatite complex, India using lattice strain model: Implications for LREE/HREE fractionation

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Composition and Paragenesis of Daqingshanite from the Kamthai Carbothermalite, Rajasthan, India.

Composition and Paragenesis of Daqingshanite from the Kamthai Carbothermalite, Rajasthan, India.

Indian ore deposits: current genetic understandings

Complexation of REE in Hydrothermal Fluids and Its Significance on REE Mineralization

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