Reconstruction of Achilles Tendon and Calcaneus Defects with Skin-Aponeurosis-Bone Composite Free Tissue from the Groin Region

Free Flap Reconstruction of Foot and Ankle Defects in Pediatric Patients: Long-Term Outcome in 91 Cases

“…Dorsal foot defects tend to have associated extensor tendon, bone, and joint injuries and a high probability of developing dorsiflexion contractures. During the primary reconstruction, a groin flap can be used that includes the external oblique fascia, 12,22,23 or an anterolateral thigh flap can be used with the inclusion of a segment of fascia lata. This type of reconstruction can provide a skin flap for wound coverage and fascia for tendon reconstruction or for provision of a smooth gliding surface for tendon excursion.…”

Single-Stage Achilles Tendon Reconstruction Using a Composite Sensate Free Flap of Dorsalis Pedis and Tendon Strips of the Extensor Digitorum Longus in a Complex Wound

“…2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In the current study, a vascularized tendon, fascia, and wellvascularized muscles were used to reconstruct the tendon and in severe cases, when the distal portion of the Achilles tendon was inadequate for reconstruction, a segment of the bone was attached to anchor and to secure the setting of the tendon. Single-stage reconstruction using a free flap was reported by Wei and colleagues, 9 whereby a free groin flap was used attached with the external iliac fascia and a segment of the iliac bone, and was used to reconstruct the calcaneus. A vascularized fascia lata with free lateral thigh flap was used by Inoue and associates, 12 a radial forearm and palmaris longus composite flap was used by Isenberg and Fusi, 13 and an extended temporoparietal-galeal flap was used by Nelson and Dobke 14 to reconstruct the Achilles tendon region.…”

“…1,3,5,6 With advances in microsurgical techniques and refinements, several free composite flaps including tendon, fascia, or nerve have been used in single-stage reconstructions of large defects in this area without causing further damage to the traumatized leg. 2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] We report a single-stage reconstruction of the Achilles tendon region with a composite sensate free flap of dorsalis pedis and tendon strips of the extensor digitorum longus, which may be advantageous in situations involving a large Achilles tendon defect.…”

Limb salvage surgery for calcaneal malignancy

“…Results of series reports of heel reconstructive procedures with an osteofasciocutaneous iliac crest flap were presented with satisfaction outcomes following total and subtotal traumatic or tumor resection bone loss of the calcaneus [3,[22][23][24]. Iliac crest flap have the advantage of the possibility to adequately shape the graft to fit the bone loss while using the crest as the weight-bearing surface and having the superior and anterior contact surfaces for arthrodesis.…”