Reconstruction behaviour of fcc(110) transition metal surfaces and their vicinals

Koch, R.; Borbonus, M.; Haase, Oliver; Rieder, Karl–Heinz

doi:10.1007/bf00348329

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…However, these ion scattering experiments were not able to reveal the nature of the very complex LEED pattern on clean Ir͑110͒ observed by several groups. 25,26 While the pattern was first discussed as some long-range ordering, more recent studies on Ir͑110͒ combining helium atom diffraction, LEED, and STM [29][30][31][32][33][34] found that at room temperature mesoscopic ridges with ͑331͒ facets are present on the Ir͑110͒ surface. Analyzing the STM images it was found that at about 500 K these ͑311͒ facets transform to a reconstructed ͑1 ϫ 3͒-missing-row surface structure interrupted by small ͑1 ϫ 1͒ unreconstructed patches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21,25,27,30,[37][38][39][40] While oxygen chemisorbs molecularly at low temperatures ͑Ͻ100 K͒, at higher temperatures only atomic oxygen has been found on the surface. 21 When clean Ir͑110͒ is covered with oxygen to more than 0.25 monolayer ͑ML͒ at 300 K a p͑2 ϫ 2͒ LEED pattern is observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some groups proposed the formation of a surface oxide, 21,37 in which the oxygen atoms occupy subsurface positions, leaving the regular structure of the Ir substrate almost undisturbed, others do not support this picture but assume an adsorbate layer. 25,27,30,[38][39][40] For both cases the nature of the ͑sub͒surface oxygen is quite different from the corresponding IrO 2 bulk oxide. 41 For instance, the latter one decomposes already at around 540 K, while the surface oxide requires temperatures around 850-900 K at p O 2 =1 ϫ 10 −11 atm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First-principles studies on clean and oxygen-adsorbed Ir(110) surfaces

Kaghazchi

Jacob

2007

Phys. Rev. B

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Using density functional theory in combination with an ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach the structure and stability of Ir͑110͒ surfaces in contact with an oxygen atmosphere have been studied. Besides the unreconstructed surface, ͑1 ϫ 2͒-, ͑1 ϫ 3͒-, and ͑1 ϫ 4͒-reconstructed Ir͑110͒ have been considered. We find that without adsorption of oxygen all reconstructed surfaces are more stable than Ir͑110͒-͑1 ϫ 1͒. Adsorption of oxygen with coverages higher than 0.5 ML removes the surface reconstruction, leading to either a c͑2 ϫ 2͒ or p͑2 ϫ 1͒ oxygen overlayer on the unreconstructed Ir͑110͒ surface and therefore an adsorbate-induced lifting of the reconstruction. While on almost all surfaces oxygen prefers binding at bridge positions to Ir atoms of the topmost layer, on the reconstructed surfaces higher coverages are required to additionally stabilize oxygen at adjacent threefold sites. Besides the stability of surface structures, our studies also reveal quantitative information on the geometry and energetics, providing further insights into the sometimes controversial discussion of oxygen adsorption on Ir͑110͒.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First-principles studies on clean and oxygen-adsorbed Ir(110) surfaces

Kaghazchi

Jacob

2007

Phys. Rev. B

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“…There are, however, some differences, and one of these is evident in that the three lowindex surfaces of Au reconstruct, while those of silver do not. 17 It is obvious that upon reconstruction the surface energy changes and therefore the reconstruction may have a strong impact on the growth mode. Moreover, the IFME calculated for one single Ag x Au 1Ϫx alloy layer sandwiched between a Ag and a Au crystal predicts the interface to be unstable for the three low-index faces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for kinetically determined intermixed Volmer-Weber growth in thin-film deposition of Au on Ag(110)

et al. 1999

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Au films, from the submonolayer range up to 11 ML, have been deposited in situ at 300 K. The geometrical structures of these films have been investigated combining full-hemispherical x-ray photoelectron diffraction, low-energy electron diffraction ͑LEED͒, low-energy ion-scattering spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy leading to an intermixed Volmer-Weber growth model. The results demonstrate that below 0.5 ML most Au atoms are buried within the second substrate layer, forming inverted Ag/Au areas on the surface. The ejected Ag atoms and vacancies created during the Au-Ag exchange nucleate into elongated two-dimensional Ag islands and vacancy clusters, respectively, quickly breaking up the surface into smaller terraces. Above about 0.5-ML coverage, the Au-Ag exchange mechanism continues to be active. In addition, due to the reduced mobility of Au atoms deposited on inverted Ag/Au areas, one-dimensional Au stripes as well as elongated three-dimensional ͑1ϫ3͒-symmetric Au islands are observed already at submonolayer coverages on inverted Ag/Au areas. Only after the deposition of more than 8-ML Au is the Ag substrate completely covered, and missing-row reconstructed terraces extend over regions large enough to yield a well-defined 1ϫ2 LEED pattern. The growth model is compared to both, published thermodynamic equilibrium predictions and molecular-dynamics simulations, revealing that the Au/Ag͑110͒ growth system is kinetically determined.

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“…This interest arises in part from the chemical and electrochemical inertness of gold, allowing the surface structure to be examined Given this favorable situation for the low-index faces, it is of considerable interest to explore the atomic-and nanoscale structure and stability of higher-index (or stepped) gold surfaces, lying in crystallographic zones between the low-index faces. Despite the practical as well as fundamental importance of such surfaces, there is a severe paucity of STM examinations along these lines in uhv [14][15][16][17][18] as well as in electrochemical environments [19][20][21]. One contributing factor is the difficulty in obtaining true atomic-resolution images for such highly corrugated surfaces [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%