Reconstruction and Morphometric Analysis of the Nasal Airway of the White‐Tailed Deer (<scp><i>O</i></scp><i>docoileus virginianus</i>) and Implications Regarding Respiratory and Olfactory Airflow

Ranslow, Allison N.; Richter, Joseph; Neuberger, Thomas; Valkenburgh, Blaire Van; Rumple, Christopher R.; Quigley, Andrew P.; Pang, Benison; Krane, Michael; Craven, Brent A.

doi:10.1002/ar.23037

Cited by 38 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The total perimeter of epithelium for each coronal section in the nasal fossa, and the distribution of nonsensory epithelium and OE on each turbinal and the septum for each animal are shown from rostral to caudal in Figure . The relative position of the three types of turbinals and the distribution of OE along the rostrocaudal axis confirm previously reported unusual proportions of the white‐tailed deer nose in which the maxilloturbinals far outdistance the caudally restricted ethmoturbinals (Ranslow et al, ). Unlike the gray squirrel, bobcat, and coyote, in which the maxilloturbinals are confined to the rostral half of the nose, the maxilloturbinals extend much farther caudally in the white‐tailed deer.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, unlike the other sampled animals, in which the ethmoturbinals make up greater than 60% of the total surface area, the ethmoturbinals of the white‐tailed deer make up only about 40% of the total surface area and are more comparable to the maxilloturbinals in size (Fig. A; Ranslow et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Results of this study showed the importance of detailed measurements of OE and turbinals in understanding how nasal turbinal size and epithelial surfaces compensate for changes in body size, snout length, and habitat. Our results will be combined with future studies utilizing MRI data to generate anatomical reconstructions of the nasal cavity in the same specimens (e.g., Ranslow et al, ), which will be used in computational simulations of nasal airflow and odorant deposition (e.g., Craven et al, ; Lawson et al, ). Taken together, these studies will add to our understanding of the mammalian nose and reveal the influence of interspecies differences in nasal morphology on respiratory and olfactory function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Comparative Morphology and Histology of the Nasal Fossa in Four Mammals: Gray Squirrel, Bobcat, Coyote, and White‐Tailed Deer

Yee

Craven

Wysocki

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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Although the anatomy of the nasal fossa is broadly similar among terrestrial mammals, differences are evident in the intricacies of nasal turbinal architecture, which varies from simple scroll-like to complex branching forms, and in the extent of nonsensory and olfactory epithelium covering the turbinals. In this study, detailed morphological and immunohistochemical examinations and quantitative measurements of the turbinals and epithelial lining of the nasal fossa were conducted in an array of species that include the gray squirrel, bobcat, coyote, and white-tailed deer. Results show that much more of the nose is lined with olfactory epithelium in the smallest species (gray squirrel) than in the larger species. In two species with similar body masses, bobcat and coyote, the foreshortened felid snout influences turbinal size and results in a decrease of olfactory epithelium on the ethmoturbinals relative to the longer canine snout. Ethmoturbinal surface area exceeds that of the maxilloturbinals in all four sampled animals, except the white-tailed deer, in which the two are similar in size. Combining our results with published data from a broader array of mammalian noses, it is apparent that olfactory epithelial surface area is influenced by body mass, but is also affected by aspects of life history, such as diet and habitat, as well as skull morphology, itself a product of multiple compromises between various functions, such as feeding, vision, and cognition. The results of this study warrant further examination of other mammalian noses to broaden our evolutionary understanding of nasal fossa anatomy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Comparative Morphology and Histology of the Nasal Fossa in Four Mammals: Gray Squirrel, Bobcat, Coyote, and White‐Tailed Deer

Yee

Craven

Wysocki

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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“…Artiodactyl skulls are bilaterally symmetrical, and mapping was confined to turbinates of the left side of the skull (Ranslow et al. ). Surface area measurements for artiodactyls were then doubled to represent both left and right sides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of olfactory and respiratory turbinates in the transition of whales from land to sea: the semiaquatic middle Eocene Aegyptocetus tarfa

et al. 2019

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Ethmoturbinates, nasoturbinates, and maxilloturbinates are well developed in the narial tract of land‐dwelling artiodactyls ancestral to whales, but these are greatly reduced or lost entirely in modern whales. Aegyptocetus tarfa is a semiaquatic protocetid from the middle Eocene of Egypt. Computed axial tomography scans of the skull show that A. tarfa retained all three sets of turbinates like a land mammal. It is intermediate between terrestrial artiodactyls and aquatic whales in reduction of the turbinates. Ethmoturbinates in A. tarfa have 26% of the surface area expected for an artiodactyl. These have an olfactory function and indicate that early whales retained a sense of smell in the transition from land to sea. Maxilloturbinates in A. tarfa have 6% of the surface area expected for an artiodactyl. These have a respiratory function and their markedly reduced size suggests that rapid inhalation and exhalation was already more important than warming and humidifying air, in contrast to extant land mammals. Finally, the maxilloturbinates of A. tarfa, although greatly reduced, still show some degree of similarity to those of artiodactyls, supporting the phylogenetic affinity of cetaceans and artiodactyls based on morphological and molecular evidence.

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“…4C) from the MRI data using the methodology of Craven and colleagues (Craven et al, 2007;Ranslow et al, 2014;Coppola et al, 2014). A high-fidelity, hexahedral-dominant computational mesh (Fig.…”

Section: Felis Catusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nasal airflow on respiratory and olfactory epithelial distribution in felids

Pang

Yee

Lischka

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The surface area of the maxilloturbinals and fronto-ethmoturbinals is commonly used as an osteological proxy for the respiratory and the olfactory epithelium, respectively. However, this assumption does not fully account for animals with short snouts in which these two turbinal structures significantly overlap, potentially placing frontoethmoturbinals in the path of respiratory airflow. In these species, it is possible that anterior fronto-ethmoturbinals are covered with nonsensory (respiratory) epithelium instead of olfactory epithelium. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of olfactory and non-sensory, respiratory epithelia on the turbinals of two domestic cats (Felis catus) and a bobcat (Lynx rufus). We also conducted a computational fluid dynamics simulation of nasal airflow in the bobcat to explore the relationship between epithelial distribution and airflow patterns. The results showed that a substantial amount of respiratory airflow passes over the anterior fronto-ethmoturbinals, and that contrary to what has been observed in caniform carnivorans, much of the anterior ethmoturbinals are covered by non-sensory epithelium. This confirms that in short-snouted felids, portions of the fronto-ethmoturbinals have been recruited for respiration, and that estimates of olfactory epithelial coverage based purely on fronto-ethmoturbinal surface area will be exaggerated. The correlation between the shape of the anterior fronto-ethmoturbinals and the direction of respiratory airflow suggests that in short-snouted species, CT data alone are useful in assessing airflow patterns and epithelium distribution on the turbinals.

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Reconstruction and Morphometric Analysis of the Nasal Airway of the White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Implications Regarding Respiratory and Olfactory Airflow

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Comparative Morphology and Histology of the Nasal Fossa in Four Mammals: Gray Squirrel, Bobcat, Coyote, and White‐Tailed Deer

Comparative Morphology and Histology of the Nasal Fossa in Four Mammals: Gray Squirrel, Bobcat, Coyote, and White‐Tailed Deer

Reduction of olfactory and respiratory turbinates in the transition of whales from land to sea: the semiaquatic middle Eocene Aegyptocetus tarfa

The influence of nasal airflow on respiratory and olfactory epithelial distribution in felids

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