Reconstructing the syntax of focus operators

Smeets, Liz; Wagner, Michael

doi:10.3765/sp.11.6

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Or does it reconstruct at LF, after the focus presupposition has been added? Similar issues arise with certain types of movements that obligatorily reconstruct (Smeets and Wagner, 2018). The added issue here is that the proposed movement is string-vacuous.…”

Section: (Alternative Required)mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…One can question, then, what the motivation for associating by movement is, if the same semantic effect could be achieved in situ by restricting the alternatives. More evidence for a two-place operator analysis of only can be found in Smeets and Wagner (2018). Wagner (2006a) argues that the analysis of only as taking two syntactic arguments might also explain some of the differences from always.…”

Section: Syntactic Association?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prosodic Focus

Wagner¹

2020

Preprint

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This chapter provides an introduction to the phenomenon of prosodic focus, as well as to the theory of Alternative Semantics. Alternative Semantics provides an insightful account of what prosodic focus means, and gives us a notation that can help with better characterizing focus-related phenomena and the terminology used to describe them. We can also translate theoretical ideas about focus and givenness into this notation to facilitate a comparison between frameworks. The discussion will partly be structured by an evaluation of the theories of Givenness, the theory of Relative Givenness, and Unalternative Semantics, but we will cover a range of other ideas and proposals in the process. The chapter concludes with a discussion of phonological issues, and of association with focus.

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Section: (Alternative Required)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Syntactic Association?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosodic Focus

Wagner¹

2020

Preprint

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“…The accurate framework models were further used against data collected from the reacted catalyst to probe the guest entities inside the void micropore volume in the second step. The difference Fourier density maps (DFMs) were generated by subtracting the structure factors ( F calc ) calculated from the models from those observed ( F obs ) in deactivated catalyst samples by using Topas tools . The differential nuclear densities in the zones of the crystal corresponding to a micropore volume allowed us to trace the distribution of the coke molecules after the deactivation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Micropore Topology Influences the Structure and Location of Coke in Zeolite Catalysts

Rzepka,

Sheptyakov,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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Zeolite catalysts exhibit microporous structures, akin to the pockets in naturally occurring enzyme catalysts, which enable the confinement of reaction intermediates, thus facilitating chemical transformations. Nonetheless, the micropores also influence the formation of coke species, which is the main source of catalytic activity loss. Unveiling the relationships between the micropore topology and the internal structure and location of deactivating coke compounds is of high relevance for comprehending the deactivation mechanisms. In this study, we used an approach exploiting powder neutron diffraction to assess the location of coke and determine the dominating structures in the topologically distinct ZSM-5 (MFI topology), ZSM-35 (FER), and SSZ-13 (CHA) zeolite catalysts deactivated in industrially relevant methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) conversion. In ZSM-5 and ZSM-35 catalysts, coke resides along the straight 10-membered ring (MR) channels and exhibits the highest concentration in their intersecting regions with sinusoidal 10 MR and straight 8 MR pores, respectively. In the SSZ-13 catalyst, coke is not only located in cages but also protrudes through their 8 MR windows, suggesting the interconnectivity of coke molecules between the large cavities. Notably, the coke-associated signals in the ZSM-5 and ZSM-35 catalysts show a strong planar arrangement that can be fitted by polycyclic and monocyclic arene structures, respectively. These averaged coke structures are consistent with the composition of coke assessed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, 13 C and two-dimensional 1 H double-quantum single-quantum magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and operando diffuse reflectance ultraviolet−visible spectroscopic analysis. The findings evidence that the pore topology directs the confinement and structure of coke, wherein the largest void zones of the micropore space are the most susceptible to coking.

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“…Rietveld refinement of the structure was performed using TOPAS-Academic software with a pseudo-Voigt function to describe the peak shape, a simple axial model to describe the peak asymmetry, and the Stephens peak-shape broadening macro to describe the anisotropic line broadening . The background was estimated manually using program Lines and then adjusted periodically during the refinement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Investigations of Racemic and Chiral Molecular Sieves of the STW Topology

et al. 2021

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Large single crystals of pure-silica STW-type molecular sieves are prepared using 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylimidazolium (12345PMI) and 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium (2E134TMI) as organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) and α-amino acid additives. The effects of the amount and type of amino acid on the crystallization of pure-silica STW materials are investigated. Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffractometry shows that 12345PMI better fits the STW cage than 2E134TMI and is fully consistent with computed simulations. The synthesis of an enantioenriched R-STW-type molecular sieve having a Si/Ge ratio of 2.2 is achieved using a chiral, dicationic OSDA that contains two stereocenters. The conformation of the chiral OSDA in the chiral framework has been obtained from a Rietveld refinement using synchrotron powder diffraction data and is the first structure refinement of an enantioenriched, inorganic molecular sieve prepared from a pure, asymmetric OSDA.

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Reconstructing the syntax of focus operators

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Prosodic Focus

Prosodic Focus

How Micropore Topology Influences the Structure and Location of Coke in Zeolite Catalysts

Further Investigations of Racemic and Chiral Molecular Sieves of the STW Topology

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