Reconstructing the Roman topography and environmental features of the Sarno River Plain (Italy) before the AD 79 eruption of Somma–Vesuvius

Vogel, Sebastian; Maerker, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.031

Cited by 37 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Along the coast, there are rare traces of paleoshorelines [30] and dunes, partially obliterated, while present dunes are completely absent. The latter has been completely leveled and urbanized with the construction of industrial complexes and houses.…”

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was filled by successions of alluvial, volcanoclastic, marine and lagoon deposits reworked in different quantity by the widespread runoff of surface waters and gravitational phenomena [28][29][30]. The plain expands for about 200 square kilometers, from the harbor of Torre Annunziata to that of Castellammare di Stabia, extending for about 13 kilometers in length.…”

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work highlights the predominant role of volcanic activity as the main endogenic controlling factors of the Holocene coastal evolution [5]. Historical seismic activity (earthquakes of AD 62 and AD 64 [30]) is older than the AD 79 eruption and the crustal deformations are presumably caused by the inflation of magma bodies underneath the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex [30]. The Vesuvian coast has been strongly modified by the effects of the Plinian eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79 .…”

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beach Erosion in the Gulf of Castellammare di Stabia in Response to the Trapping of Longshore Drifting Sediments of the Gulf of Napoli (Southern Italy)

Pennetta

2018

Geosciences

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Abstract:The results of this study have allowed verification that longshore sediment transport along the coast of Napoli Gulf (southern Italy) takes place from Northwest to Southeast. The current analysis describes the results of an integrated sedimentological and geomorphological study of the Neapolitan coastal area. A sedimentological and morphosedimentary study was carried out by bathymetric survey and sampling of bottom sediments. The analysis of modal isodensity curves shows that all the sediments are moved from NW to SE by longshore currents parallel to the coastline. The morphological evolution of the Castellammare di Stabia Gulf coastal area, based on historical coastline changes, starts from 1865, when the sandy littoral was wide and in its natural state. Since the construction of the Torre Annunziata harbor in 1871, sediments transported by a NW-SE longshore drift have become trapped, inducing the genesis of a new wide triangular-shaped beach on the updrift side (NW) of the harbor breakwall. This process induced a significant shoreline retreat of the south-east sector of the littoral. Widespread beach erosion of the coastal physiographic unit of Castellammare di Stabia Gulf (delimited by two ports) is more developed in the southern portion. This study highlights a slight rotation of the shoreline toward the East and a general trend of regression, with typical overall accentuation of shoreline concavity, and significant widening of the triangular-shaped beaches at the end of the falcate. This reduced sediment input removed from the sedimentary budget a large amount of deposits, which are hardly restorable due to the scarce supply of sediment load by the Sarno river and its tributaries. In addition to this new and important derived morphologic feature, other recent human interventions have contributed to further modifications of morphologic characteristics of emerged and submerged beach. The intense use of the territory caused modifications on both the fluvial course and river mouth with direct and indirect effects on the shoreline and the drainage network of the Sarno River.

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Section: Geological and Geomorphological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Beach Erosion in the Gulf of Castellammare di Stabia in Response to the Trapping of Longshore Drifting Sediments of the Gulf of Napoli (Southern Italy)

Pennetta

2018

Geosciences

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“…The method of boosted decision trees applied in TreeNet is based on FRIEDMAN'S stochastic gradient boosting (FRIEDMAN 1999). Gradient boosting constructs additive regression models by sequentially fitting a simple parameterized function to current 'pseudo' residuals by least squares for each iteration (VOGEL & MÄRKER 2010). The pseudo residuals are the gradient of the loss function being minimized, with respect to the model values at each training data point, evaluated at the current step (FRIEDMAN 1999).…”

Section: Boosted Decision Trees (Treenet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Shallow Landslide Initiation Areas Using stochastic Modelling: The Vernazza Torrent Case Study, Liguria, Italy

Schmaltz¹,

Rosner²,

Maerker³

2015

giforum

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The objective of this study is the assessment of potential failure zones of landslides in unstable areas. For this purpose, two different stochastic classification models were used: A boosted decision tree approach with TreeNet (TN), and a bagging decision tree approach with Random Forests (RF). Both topographic and soil parameters were considered as predictor variables for training and testing the models. We assume that several predictor variables will lead to misclassification and incorrectness, especially soil parameters. Hence, the misclassification of these particular predictors should be avoided, using the strategy of tree boosting. The investigated area is the hydrological basin of Vernazza in Cinque Terre, Northwest Italy. A disastrous flash flood on the 25 th of October 2011 with numerous landslides caused fatalities and economic losses amounting to millions of Euros. We mapped landslide areas in the field and checked the resulting maps with high resolution remote sensing images. Furthermore, the relevant soil parameters were collected based on a geostatistical approach. We measured topographic parameters, and physical and hydrological soil characteristics such as maximum shear strength under saturated and unsaturated conditions, and hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and attributed random points in three distinguished classes: i) initiation areas, representing the most likely failure areas for possible landslides, ii) transport areas which were considered as a mix of classes 1 and 3, and iii) stable areas, such as valley bottom, ridges, and unconditionally stable areas. We ran both models with a training dataset (0.8 of the total points Ntot) and a test dataset (0.2 of Ntot) and each with 2000 grown decision trees. We validated the models with a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve integral. The regionalized results of the TreeNet dataset yielded potential susceptible landslide areas of a total area of 1.74 km², which is 29.74% of the total area. In contrast, the Random Forests model classified a much greater susceptible area (84.27% of the total area). The results show that Treenet is outperforming RF. The latter misclassifies especially the soil related variables, whereas TreeNet yields robust model results.

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confidence: 99%

Revised modelling of the post-AD 79 volcanic deposits of Somma-Vesuvius to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain (Italy)

Vogel¹,

Maerker²,

Seiler³

2011

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:In this study the methodology proposed by Vogel & Märker (2010) to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography and paleo-environmental features of the Sarno River plain (Italy) was considerably revised and improved. The methodology is based on an extensive dataset of stratigraphical information from the entire Sarno River plain, a high-resolution present-day digital elevation model (DEM) and a classification and regression tree approach. The dataset was re-evaluated and 32 additional stratigraphical drillings were collected in areas that were not or insufficiently covered by previous stratigraphic data. Altogether, an assemblage of 1,840 drillings, containing information about the depth from the present-day surface to the pre-AD 79 paleo-surface (thickness of post-AD 79 deposits) and the character of the pre-AD 79 paleo-layer of the Sarno River plain was utilized. Moreover, an improved preprocessing of the input parameters attained a distinct progress in model performance in comparison to the previous model of Vogel & Märker (2010). Subsequently, a spatial model of the post-AD 79 deposits was generated. The modelled deposits were then used to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain. Moreover, paleo-environmental and paleo-geomorphological features such as the paleo-coastline, the paleo-Sarno River and its floodplain, alluvial fans near the Tyrrhenian coast as well as abrasion terraces of historical and protohistorical coastlines were identified. This reconstruction represents a qualitative improvement of the previous work by Vogel & Märker (2010).

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Reconstructing the Roman topography and environmental features of the Sarno River Plain (Italy) before the AD 79 eruption of Somma–Vesuvius

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Beach Erosion in the Gulf of Castellammare di Stabia in Response to the Trapping of Longshore Drifting Sediments of the Gulf of Napoli (Southern Italy)

Beach Erosion in the Gulf of Castellammare di Stabia in Response to the Trapping of Longshore Drifting Sediments of the Gulf of Napoli (Southern Italy)

Assessment of Shallow Landslide Initiation Areas Using stochastic Modelling: The Vernazza Torrent Case Study, Liguria, Italy

Revised modelling of the post-AD 79 volcanic deposits of Somma-Vesuvius to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain (Italy)

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