Reconstructing the life-time lead exposure in children using dentine in deciduous teeth

Shepherd, T. J.; Dirks, Wendy; Manmee, Charuwan; Hodgson, Susan; Banks, David; Averley, Paul; Pless‐Mulloli, Tanja

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.022

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Prior to the present study the teeth from both cohorts had been analysed by LA-ICP-MS and provisional data were acquired for the concentration of Pb in enamel and dentine (Shepherd et al, 2012;Hodgson et al, 2015). Comparison with published data indicated that the mean dentine Pb for the Newcastle cohort (0.26±0.16µg/g; n=69) and Billingham cohort (0.18±0.07µg/g; n=15) were significantly lower than the mean value of 2.23±1.32μg/g for deciduous teeth of children living in non-polluted areas of South Africa (Grobler et al, 2000) and the overall means reported for primary school children in Taipei and Boston of 4.4±3.5μg/g and 3.3±2.5μg/g respectively (Rabinowitz et al, 1991).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advances in instrumental analysis, most notably laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), now permit the acquisition of elemental and isotope data at high spatial resolution (less than 100µm) without the need for sample digestion. Of those papers detailing the concentration of Pb in dental tissues by LA-ICP-MS, we refer to Arora et al (2004Arora et al ( , 2006Arora et al ( , 2014; Dolphin et al (2005) ;Hare et al (2011);Humphrey et al (2008a); Kang et al (2004); Shepherd et al (2012). These papers raise the interesting question "If the micro-technology exists to measure the isotopic abundance of elements in very small samples, why are there so few publications relating to the isotope composition of Pb in children's teeth?"…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As demonstrated by Humphrey et al (2008b) and Shepherd et al (2012), to extract temporal information on trace elements in dental tissue it is essential to assign an estimated age to the point of analysis as well as having an understanding of the processes controlling their incorporation into the tooth matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing fetal and childhood exposure to lead using isotope analysis of deciduous teeth

Shepherd

Dirks

Patel

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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We report progress in using the isotopic composition and concentration of Pb in the dentine and enamel of deciduous teeth to provide a high resolution time frame of exposure to Pb during fetal development and early childhood. Isotope measurements (total Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb, 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios) were acquired by laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry at contiguous 100micron intervals across thin sections of the teeth; from the outer enamel surface to the pulp cavity. Teeth samples (n=10) were selected from two cohorts of children, aged 5-8 years, living in NE England. By integrating the isotope data with histological analysis of the teeth, using the daily incremental lines in dentine, we were able to assign true estimated ages to each ablation point (first 2-3 years for molars, first 1-2 years for incisors + pre-natal growth). Significant differences were observed in the isotope composition and concentration of Pb between children, reflecting differences in the timing and sources of exposure during early childhood. Those born in 2000, after the withdrawal of leaded petrol in 1999, have the lowest dentine Pb levels (<0.2µgPb/g) with 208 Pb/ 206 Pb (mean ±2σ: 2.126-2.079) 208 Pb/ 206 Pb (mean ±2σ: 0.879-0.856) ratios that correlate very closely with modern day Western European industrial aerosols (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) suggesting that diffuse airborne pollution was probably the primary source and exposure pathway. Legacy lead, if present, is insignificant. For those born in 1997, dentine lead levels are typically higher (>0.4µgPb/g) with 208 Pb/ 206 Pb (mean ±2σ: 2.145-2.117) 208 Pb/ 206 Pb (mean ±2σ: 0.898-0.882) ratios that can be modelled as a binary mix between industrial aerosols and leaded petrol emissions. Short duration, high intensity exposure events (1-2 months) were readily identified, together with evidence that dentine provides a good proxy for childhood changes in the isotope composition of blood Pb. Our pilot study confirms that laser ablation Pb isotope analysis of deciduous teeth, when carried out in conjunction with histological analysis, permits a reconstruction of the timing, duration and source of exposure to Pb during early childhood. With further development, this approach has the potential to study larger cohorts and appraise environments where the levels of exposure to Pb are much higher.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing fetal and childhood exposure to lead using isotope analysis of deciduous teeth

Shepherd

Dirks

Patel

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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“…28,29 Although dentine close to the pulp chamber has higher levels of lead than other regions, Shepherd et al (2012) presented evidence that the sampling position within dentine is not a confounding factor in interpreting trace element concentrations. In addition, dentine incorporates higher levels of lead, and is likely to represent a longer period of exposure than enamel.…”

Section: Figure 1 Herementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Analytical details are provided in full elsewhere. 25 In brief the analysis was performed using a GeoLas 193nm ArF excimer laser coupled to an Agilent 7500c ICP-mass spectrometer. During ablation the individual dental phases were clearly visible allowing the ablation points (4-5/phase) to be precisely located, avoiding micro-fractures in the enamel, the anomalously enriched outer surface layer of enamel 26,27 , areas adjacent to dental caries or excessive enamel wear, and dentine close to the pulpal cavity.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of childhood lead exposure in the postleaded petrol era: The Tooth Fairy cohort from Newcastle upon Tyne

Hodgson

Manmee

Dirks

et al. 2014

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Lead is an environmental contaminant causing irreversible health effects in children. We used dentine lead levels as a measure of early life lead exposure and explored determinants of lead exposure in children living in Newcastle upon Tyne, a historically industrialised UK city, in a cohort born since legislation was introduced to remove lead from petrol, paint and water pipes. The 'Tooth Fairy study' cohort comprised 69 children aged 5-8 years. We collected upper deciduous incisors from children and questionnaire data from their parents in 2005. We measured lead levels in pre and post-natal enamel and dentine using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and assessed associations between dentine lead levels and residential, dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics. Dentine lead levels were low (mean 0.26µg/g, range 0.06-0.77), however we observed considerable variability in dentine lead levels within and between children suggestive of differing exposure levels and/or exposure sources across this population. Variables earlier documented to be associated with childhood lead levels were not found to be significant determinants of dentine lead levels in this study. Exposure pathways should continue to be investigated to enable targeted interventions and prevention of lead-induced health impacts in vulnerable populations.

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Dentine and Cementum Structure and Properties

Tang¹,

Cabec²,

Antoine³

2015

A Companion to Dental Anthropology

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Reconstructing the life-time lead exposure in children using dentine in deciduous teeth

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Tracing fetal and childhood exposure to lead using isotope analysis of deciduous teeth

Tracing fetal and childhood exposure to lead using isotope analysis of deciduous teeth

Determinants of childhood lead exposure in the postleaded petrol era: The Tooth Fairy cohort from Newcastle upon Tyne

Dentine and Cementum Structure and Properties

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