Reconstructing Primary and Secondary Components of PM<sub>2.5</sub>Composition for an Urban Atmosphere

Behera, S. N.; Sharma, Mukesh

doi:10.1080/02786826.2010.504245

Cited by 99 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The contributions of SOA to PM 2.5 were 5-8%, 4-19%, 18-21% and 13-17% during the spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The results showed the same seasonal trends as reported by Behera and Sharma (2010) for Kanpur, India, who concluded that the SIA and SOA of PM 2.5 were approximately 34% and 12% in the summer and 32% and 18% in the winter, respectively.…”

Section: Secondary Componentssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Therefore, secondary fractions are important for controlling PM 2.5 pollution. Previous studies (Cabada et al, 2002;Tao et al, 2009;Behera and Sharma, 2010) have shown that secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are an important component of PM 2.5 . The contributions of SOA to the total organic carbon (OC) concentration vary from nearly zero during the winter to 50% during the summer in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, China: Chemical Species Based on Three Years of Observations

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The chemical properties and secondary components of PM 2.5 were investigated in the city of Zhengzhou, China. Watersoluble ionic species (Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+, Ca 2+ , F -, Cl -, NO 3 -and SO 4 2-) contents, carbonaceous components (organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) in PM 2.5 were measured for three years. The EC tracer method was used to estimate the secondary organic carbon (SOC) content, and the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments formula was used to estimate light extinction due to the chemical composition of PM 2.5 .The annual mean concentrations of PM 2.5 were 186, 180 and 218 µg m -3 in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. These concentrations were 5-6 times greater than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of China (annual value of 35 µg m -3 ) and indicated the presence of severe PM 2.5 pollution in Zhengzhou. Particulate organic matter (OM) contributed the most (18-26%) to the annual average PM 2.5 , followed by SO 4 2-(14-19%), NO 3 -(10-11%), NH 4 + (8-9%) and EC (3%). From 2011 to 2013, the contributions of OM and SO 4 2-increased by 8% and 3%, respectively. The higher sulfur oxidation ratio indicated the formation of significant amounts of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), particularly during the summer and spring. Obvious SOC enrichment occurred during the winter and autumn. In addition, SIA and secondary organic aerosols accounted for 26-50% and 4-21% of the PM 2.5 by mass, respectively. An investigation of the secondary species revealed that secondary aerosols played a dominant role in the total PM 2.5 mass and the decrease in visibility. The secondary aerosols ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + NH 4 NO 3 + SOC) accounted for 80% of b ext . The main secondary aerosols that led to poor visibility in Zhengzhou were (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 .

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Section: Secondary Componentssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, China: Chemical Species Based on Three Years of Observations

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Kanpur city, one of the most polluted cities in the World, has a variety of industries like cotton, wool, jute and tanneries. The sources of air pollution are mainly categorized into industrial, commercial, transport, domestic, institutional and fugitive (Behera and Sharma, 2010;Gupta and Mandariya, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Summertime Dust Events at Kanpur: Insight into the Sources and Level of Mixing with Anthropogenic Emissions

Ghosh

Gupta

Rastogi

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of this study conducted at Kanpur (26.51°N, 80.23°E), India, was to quantify chemical properties of dust and the intensity of mixing, due to its interaction with various emissions from anthropogenic activities, during its long range transport. Aerosol mass was collected at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT-K) located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain from April-July 2011, a period marked by intense dust storms and onset of monsoon. The sampling days were classified as Dust, Polluted Dust 1 (PD 1 ), Polluted Dust 2 (PD 2 ) and Continental days. PM 10 (coarse mode) and PM 2.5 (fine mode) collected on filter substrates were analysed for chemical composition. Elemental concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results show that crustal elements like Ca, Fe, K, Na and Mg were dominant in coarse mode during dusty days, whereas, elements of anthropogenic origin like Cu, Ni, Se and V were mostly concentrated in fine mode during PD 1 as well as PD 2 . Very low elemental concentrations were found during continental days. SO 4 2-, Cl -and NO 3 -were found to be high during PD 1 and PD 2 days. Very good correlations of NH 4 + with Cl -and SO 4 2-ions in PD 1 days indicate their common sources of origin and formation of ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate. Water Soluble Inorganic Carbon (WSIC) was found during all dust days, Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) was found to be highest during PD 1 and PD 2 days.

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“…These are inherent problems that require addressing, however they were will require significant effort to improve. In the present study, anthropogenic emissions are divvied up evenly into days, and allocated during typical emitting hours per sector.More detailed temporal emissions distributions have been quantified, mostly in Delhi [Guttikunda and Calori, 2013;Pant et al, 2015], and season specific emissions have been measured across urban areas using tracers in source apportionment studies [Chowdhury et al, 2007;Behera and Sharma, 2010;Ghosh et al, 2014]. Currently, monthly variations in ambient air quality are the result of meteorological impacts, where greatest pollution was evident in the winter, when PBL heights are shallow, and lowest during the monsoon season due to pollution "rain out."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Emissions and Regional Air Quality in India

Karambelas

2017

Proc. Wisc. Space Conf.

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Satellite observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument are used in support of model evaluation of seasonal average results from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Model evaluation was conducted with the purpose of identifying regional biases in model output compared to tropospheric columns. Comparison with tropospheric column NO2, an anthropogenic indicator, reveal that there are uncertainties regarding the emissions inventory input to CMAQ. Results have implications for developing accurate model inputs to produce accurate model output for relevant health impact assessments, which are increasingly important with increasing population, urbanization, and pollution in the region.

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Reconstructing Primary and Secondary Components of PM_2.5Composition for an Urban Atmosphere

Cited by 99 publications

References 39 publications

Secondary PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, China: Chemical Species Based on Three Years of Observations

Secondary PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, China: Chemical Species Based on Three Years of Observations

Chemical Characterization of Summertime Dust Events at Kanpur: Insight into the Sources and Level of Mixing with Anthropogenic Emissions

Urban Emissions and Regional Air Quality in India

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Reconstructing Primary and Secondary Components of PM2.5Composition for an Urban Atmosphere

Cited by 99 publications

References 39 publications

Secondary PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, China: Chemical Species Based on Three Years of Observations

Secondary PM2.5 in Zhengzhou, China: Chemical Species Based on Three Years of Observations

Chemical Characterization of Summertime Dust Events at Kanpur: Insight into the Sources and Level of Mixing with Anthropogenic Emissions

Urban Emissions and Regional Air Quality in India

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Reconstructing Primary and Secondary Components of PM_2.5Composition for an Urban Atmosphere