Reconstructing past sea ice cover of the Northern Hemisphere from dinocyst assemblages: status of the approach

Vernal, Anne de; Rochon, André; Fréchette, Bianca; Henry, Maryse; Radi, Taoufik; Solignac, Sandrine

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.06.022

Cited by 96 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These include papers about the organic walled cyst of dinoagellates (de Vernal et al, 2013a) and benthic foraminifers (Seidenkrantz, 2013). A comprehensive reconstruction of Holocene sea ice variations in the subpolar North Atlantic and Arctic seas is presented based on dinoagellate cyst data, which suggests contrasted changes in the eastern and western Arctic (de Vernal et al, 2013b).…”

Section: The Sea Ice Proxy (Sip) Working Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

Vernal

Gersonde

Goosse

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tSea ice is an important component of the Earth system with complex dynamics imperfectly documented from direct observations, which are primarily limited to the last 40 years. Whereas large amplitude variations of sea ice have been recorded, especially in the Arctic, with a strikingly fast decrease in recent years partly attributed to the impact of anthropogenic climate changes, little is known about the natural variability of the sea ice cover at multi-decadal to multi-millennial time scales. Hence, there is a need to establish longer sea ice time series to document the full range of sea ice variations under natural forcings. To do this, several approaches based on biogenic or geochemical proxies have been developed from marine, ice core and coastal records. The status of the sea ice proxies has been discussed by the Sea Ice Proxy (SIP) working group endorsed by PAGES during a rst workshop held at GEOTOP in Montréal. The present volume contains a set of papers addressing various sea ice proxies and their application to large scale sea ice reconstruction. Here we summarize the contents of the volume, including a table of various proxies available in marine sediments and ice cores, with their possibilities and limitations.

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Section: The Sea Ice Proxy (Sip) Working Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

Vernal

Gersonde

Goosse

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…This value is used as the estimate of the reconstruction uncertainty for the evaluation of the likelihood in the experiment with data assimilation. The sea ice reconstructions have inherent uncertainties that are linked on the one hand to the intrinsic variability of sea ice and accuracy of observations and, on the other hand, to limitation related to the proxy and its application (see the discussion in de Vernal et al, 2013b). Whereas interannual variations of sea ice cover as measured instrumentally over the last decades account for a standard deviation close to 10 % on average, the largest source of uncertainties is probably the mismatch between the time interval of instrumental data used as reference (here, 1953-2003) and the time interval represented by dinocyst populations in surface sediment samples, which may cover centuries.…”

Section: Proxy-based Sea Ice Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model–data comparison and data assimilation of mid-Holocene Arctic sea ice concentration

et al. 2014

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Abstract.The consistency between new quantitative reconstructions of Arctic sea ice concentration based on dinocyst assemblages and the results of climate models has been investigated for the mid-Holocene. The response of the models mainly follows the increase in summer insolation, modulated to a limited extent by changes in atmospheric circulation. This leads to differences between regions in the models that are smaller than in the reconstruction. It is, however, impossible to precisely assess the models' skills because the sea ice concentration changes at the mid-Holocene are small in both the reconstructions and the models and of the same order of magnitude as the reconstruction uncertainty. Performing simulations with data assimilation using the model LOVECLIM amplifies the regional differences and improves the modeldata agreement as expected. This is mainly achieved through a reduction of the southward winds in the Barents Sea and an increase in the westerly winds in the Canadian Basin, inducing an increase in the ice concentration in the Barents and Chukchi seas. This underlines the potential role of atmospheric circulation in explaining the reconstructed changes during the Holocene.

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“…ORGANIC‐WALLED dinoflagellate cysts, or dinocysts, are useful proxies for the reconstruction of past sea‐surface conditions such as temperature, salinity, nutrient conditions, and duration of the seasonal sea ice cover (de Vernal and Rochon ; de Vernal et al. , , , , ,b,c; Matthiessen et al. ; Mudie et al.…”

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“…cezare sensu lato has been observed to reach up to 32% in the White, Barents, and Laptev seas (de Vernal et al. ; GEOTOP database; Zonneveld et al. ).…”

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Islandinium minutum subsp. barbatum subsp. nov. (Dinoflagellata), a New Organic‐Walled Dinoflagellate Cyst from the Western Arctic: Morphology, Phylogenetic Position Based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and Distribution

Potvin

Kim

Yang

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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A study of modern sediment from the Western Arctic has revealed the presence of a distinctive brown-colored cyst with a spherical central body bearing unbranched processes that are usually solid with a small basal pericoel. Distinctive barbs project from some processes, and process tips are usually minutely expanded into conjoined barbs. The archeopyle is apical and saphopylic. This cyst corresponds to Islandinium? cezare morphotype 2 of Head et al. (2001, J. Quat. Sci., 16:621). Phylogenetic analyses based on the small and large subunit rRNA genes infer close relationship with Islandinium minutum, the type of which is that of the genus. Re-examination of specimens of I. minutum reveals the presence of minute barbs on its processes, but differences with Islandinium? cezare morphotype 2 remain based on size, process distribution, and barb development. Furthermore, the internal transcribed spacer shows I. minutum to be distinct from this morphotype. On the basis of these small but discrete differences, we propose the new subspecies Islandinium minutum subsp. barbatum subsp. nov. Molecular sequencing of other cysts encountered, namely Echinidinium karaense, an unidentified flattened cyst, and "Polykrikos quadratus", places them in the Monovela clade, the latter showing greater morphological variability than previously thought.

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Reconstructing past sea ice cover of the Northern Hemisphere from dinocyst assemblages: status of the approach

Cited by 96 publications

References 54 publications

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

Model–data comparison and data assimilation of mid-Holocene Arctic sea ice concentration

Islandinium minutum subsp. barbatum subsp. nov. (Dinoflagellata), a New Organic‐Walled Dinoflagellate Cyst from the Western Arctic: Morphology, Phylogenetic Position Based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and Distribution

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