Reconstructing historical fertility change in Mongolia

Spoorenberg, Thomas

doi:10.4054/demres.2015.33.29

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Despite Mongolia's vast land area and low overall population density, Ulaanbaatar is one of the most polluted capitals in the world, with half of the country's population residing within its boundaries (UNICEF, n.d.; World Bank, n.d.). Mongolia's high urbanization rate, driven by industrialization and construction supported by the Eastern bloc, faced a turbulent transformation following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Spoorenberg, 2015). With the deregulation of movement in 1997 and the passage of land privatization law in 2003, in addition to its participation in the WTO, Ulaanbaatar experienced a rapid population increase from 650,000 in 1998 to 1.3 million in 2016 (Cheng, 2003;Pomfret, 2000;Xu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masked by Sustainability Metrics: Exposing the Sustainable Development Target Indicator 11.3.1’s Blindness to Urban Disparities in Ulaanbaatar City’s Expansion

Guanyu,

Wataru

2024

Preprint

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Urban expansion in developing countries is a complex phenomenon, often accompanied by disparities of informal settlements. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11.3.1 index, which measures the ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate, has been widely adopted for monitoring urban growth. This study posits that the index may fail to adequately capture the internal dynamics of rapidly urbanizing cities in the developing world. Using Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia as a case study, we critically analyze the SDG 11.3.1 indicator and propose a comprehensive approach that incorporates both city-wide and district-level analyses, with a focus on informal settlement. We find the indicator of the city total is in reverse trend to that of informal settlement area, the "Ger District." Our findings highlight the limitations of the existing indicator design and underscore the need for a more nuanced understanding of urban expansion in developing countries, informing sustainable urban policy-making.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masked by Sustainability Metrics: Exposing the Sustainable Development Target Indicator 11.3.1’s Blindness to Urban Disparities in Ulaanbaatar City’s Expansion

Guanyu,

Wataru

2024

Preprint

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Chemical water quality gradients in the Mongolian sub-catchments of the Selenga River basin

Batbayar

Pfeiffer

Tümpling

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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Even though the Selenga is the main tributary to Lake Baikal in Russia, the largest part of the Selenga River basin is located in Mongolia. It covers a region that is highly diverse, ranging from almost virgin mountain zones to densely urbanized areas and mining zones. These contrasts have a strong impact on rivers and their ecosystems. Based on two sampling campaigns (summer 2014, spring 2015), we investigated the longitudinal water quality pattern along the Selenga and its tributaries in Mongolia. While headwater regions typically had a very good water quality status, wastewater from urban areas and impacts from mining were found to be main pollution sources in the tributaries. The highest nutrient concentrations in the catchment were found in Tuul River, and severely elevated concentrations of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), nutrients (NH, NO, NO, PO), and selected major ions (SO) were found in main tributaries of Selenga River. Moreover, trace element concentrations during spring 2015 (a time when many mines had not yet started operation) were markedly lower than in summer 2014, indicating that the additional metal loads measured in summer 2014 were related to mining activities. Nevertheless, all taken water samples in 2014 and 2015 from the main channel of the Mongolian Selenga River complied with the Mongolian standard (MNS 1998) for the investigated parameters.

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Children and female employment in Mongolia

Nikolova

Polansky²

2022

Economic Systems

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Reconstructing historical fertility change in Mongolia

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Masked by Sustainability Metrics: Exposing the Sustainable Development Target Indicator 11.3.1’s Blindness to Urban Disparities in Ulaanbaatar City’s Expansion

Masked by Sustainability Metrics: Exposing the Sustainable Development Target Indicator 11.3.1’s Blindness to Urban Disparities in Ulaanbaatar City’s Expansion

Chemical water quality gradients in the Mongolian sub-catchments of the Selenga River basin

Children and female employment in Mongolia

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