Reconstructed seismic and tsunami scenarios of the 1905 Calabria earthquake (SE Tyrrhenian sea) as a tool for geohazard assessment

Loreto, Maria Filomena; Pagnoni, Gianluca; Pettenati, F.; Armigliato, Alberto; Tinti, Stefano; Sandron, Denis; Brutto, F.; Muto, Francesco; Facchin, Lorenzo; Zgur, F.

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.04.018

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The 1905 earthquake, one of the largest seismic event in Italy, was widely felt along the whole Tyrrhenian coastline of Calabria, with maximum macroseismic intensities documented in the northern part of the Capo Vaticano promontory (CFTI5Med, Guidoboni et al, 2018;CPTI15, Rovida et al, 2021). The earthquake also triggered a tsunami wave that flooded the coastline of central Calabria (Piatanesi and Tinti, 2002;Loreto et al, 2017;Maramai et al, 2019). Shaking scenarios suggest that the seismogenic fault is located in the Sant'Eufemia Gulf (Sandron et al, 2015).…”

Section: Seismotectonic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diagnostic morphological features (e.g., rectilinear seafloor scarps) and lateral offsets of the Upper Quaternary deposits are used to infer active faults in offshore areas. Although they deform a significant seafloor region, the active faults are not necessarily capable of producing large earthquakes as they correspond to shallow structures formed in response to local stresses. We present a multiscale approach to reconstruct the structural pattern in offshore areas and distinguish between shallow, non-seismogenic, active faults, and deep blind faults, potentially associated with large seismic moment release. The approach is based on the interpretation of marine seismic reflection data and quantitative morphometric analysis of multibeam bathymetry, and tested on the Sant’Eufemia Gulf (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Data highlights the occurrence of three major tectonic events since the Late Miocene. The first extensional or transtensional phase occurred during the Late Miocene. Since the Early Pliocene, a right-lateral transpressional tectonic event caused the positive inversion of deep (>3 km) tectonic features, and the formation of NE-SW faults in the central sector of the gulf. Also, NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines (e.g., Maida Ridge) developed in the eastern part of the area. Since the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian), shallow (<1.5 km) NNE-SSW oriented structures formed in a left-lateral transtensional regime. The new results integrated with previous literature indicates that the Late Miocene to Recent transpressional/transtensional structures developed in an ∼E-W oriented main displacement zone that extends from the Sant’Eufemia Gulf to the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore), and likely represents the upper plate response to a tear fault of the lower plate. The quantitative morphometric analysis of the study area and the bathymetric analysis of the Angitola Canyon indicate that NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines were negatively reactivated during the last tectonic phase. We also suggest that the deep structure below the Maida Ridge may correspond to the seismogenic source of the large magnitude earthquake that struck the western Calabrian region in 1905. The multiscale approach contributes to understanding the tectonic imprint of active faults from different hierarchical orders and the geometry of seismogenic faults developed in a lithospheric strike-slip zone orthogonal to the Calabrian Arc.

show abstract

Section: Seismotectonic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the 1A-case, VP shows the best results in terms of residuals quadratic values (280; Table 3). In spite of this, no evidence of such fault was recognized on geophysical data acquired within the Sant'Eufemia Gulf by Loreto et al (2012); such data led Loreto et al (2013) to identify a normal fault (SE model), closer to the shoreline, with similar dip and strike (Table 1) to the VP model.…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusion Model Results And Shaking Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking Scenarios from Multiple Source Models Shed Light on the 8 September 1905M_w 7 Calabria Earthquake (Southern Italy)

Sandron¹,

Loreto²,

Fracassi³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The earthquake (M w 7) that struck western Calabria (southern Italy) on 8September 1905 profoundly struck a broad region, causing 557 deaths, injuring more than 2000 people, and leaving about 300,000 people homeless. Historical documents also reported a tsunami, although not devastating, for which effects were observed both along the coast and offshore. For all the damage it caused, this event was much studied but not fully explained. Literature source models for the 1905 earthquake are numerous and diverse, in fault geometry, location, and even associated magnitude. They also differ in nature, because these solutions are either field-based or derived from tsunami modeling and macroseismic data inversion. Above all, few or none of the previously published source models appear to be fully compatible with the damage pattern caused by this earthquake.To contribute to the identification of the seismogenic source of this destructive event, we computed a series of ground-shaking scenarios based on the different fault-source models that various authors associated with this event. The only documented data available that are suitable for our comparative purposes are the macroseismic intensities associated with localities affected by the event. Our results show that shaking scenarios for two out of seven literature source models are compatible with the damage distribution caused by the 1905 earthquake. The different parameters and boundary conditions constraining these two solutions suggest that either seismogenic source should include further complexities. Alternatively, because these two sources are antithetic and partially form a graben, they might have kinematically interacted, if passively, on 8 September 1905. Also, our critical analysis attempts to take site effects into account, at least qualitatively, allowing a more robust evaluation of damage distribution against numerical models.

show abstract

“…A ~100 km-long and 30 km-wide seismogenic source seems unrealistic in the complex geological structure of the Calabria region, where the crust is densely fractured, and the faults' orientation and kinematics are highly variable. Indeed, such a very large source has never been previously envisioned by the investigators, neither inland (Peruzza et al, 1997;Monaco and Tortorici, 2000;Piatanesi and Tinti, 2002;Cucci and Tertulliani, 2010), nor offshore (Galli and Molin, 2009;Loreto et al, 2013Loreto et al, , 2017DISS Working Group, 2018;Presti et al, 2019;Rovida et al, 2021). Given the substantial equivalence between MS and MW for 1905type earthquakes (Wells and Coppersmith 1994;Das et al, 2011) this evidence is equally valid when using MS or MW.…”

Section: Estimate Of the Surface Wave Magnitudementioning

confidence: 99%

The Resizing of the Most Powerful Italian Instrumental Earthquake (September 8, 1905, Calabria Region, Southern Italy)

Cucci

2021

Annals of Geophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 8 September 1905 Calabria earthquake is the seismic event for which the Italian Seismic Catalogue shows the highest instrumental magnitude of the whole dataset. However, the reported Ms=7.47 was calculated over only two stations, and leaves room for a revision. In this work I provide a new estimate of the surface-wave magnitude of the earthquake calculated over sixteen individual values of magnitude from seven different stations. The new estimate is Ms=7.06±0.13, a value that is consistently lined up with other estimates provided by means of macroseismic or geological evidence. The novel estimate is stable despite alternative epicentral locations and different depths proposed for this event by several investigators. The net variation of almost half a unit magnitude implies a resizing of the seismogenic source of the event in the frame of the seismotectonics of the region, and highlights the strong need for a systematic revision of the instrumental magnitude estimates for several ‘historical’ earthquakes that occurred at the dawning of the instrumental seismology.

show abstract

Reconstructed seismic and tsunami scenarios of the 1905 Calabria earthquake (SE Tyrrhenian sea) as a tool for geohazard assessment

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

Shaking Scenarios from Multiple Source Models Shed Light on the 8 September 1905M_w 7 Calabria Earthquake (Southern Italy)

The Resizing of the Most Powerful Italian Instrumental Earthquake (September 8, 1905, Calabria Region, Southern Italy)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Reconstructed seismic and tsunami scenarios of the 1905 Calabria earthquake (SE Tyrrhenian sea) as a tool for geohazard assessment

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy)

Shaking Scenarios from Multiple Source Models Shed Light on the 8 September 1905Mw 7 Calabria Earthquake (Southern Italy)

The Resizing of the Most Powerful Italian Instrumental Earthquake (September 8, 1905, Calabria Region, Southern Italy)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Shaking Scenarios from Multiple Source Models Shed Light on the 8 September 1905M_w 7 Calabria Earthquake (Southern Italy)