Reconstructed late Quaternary hydrological changes from Lake Tso Moriri, NW Himalaya

Holocene climate variability and cultural dynamics in the Indian subcontinent

“…Tso Kar (Demske et al, 2009); 11. Tso Moriri (Mishra et al, 2015); 12. Nal Sarovar (Prasad et al, 2006); 13.…”

“…The dominant (ca. 75%) contribution of India's annual rainfall is received from the South-West (SW) monsoon, whereas the North-East (NE) monsoon provide precipitation in southern peninsular India and midlatitude westerlies in the North-West (NW) Himalaya (Fleitmann et al, 2007;Gadgil and Rajeevan, 2008;Govil and Naidu, 2011;Sreekala et al, 2012;Mishra et al, 2015;Srivastava et al, 2013;2017). The interaction of these moisture regimes with various teleconnections (El Niño events, Indian Ocean Dipole or IOD, snow cover and North Atlantic Oscillation or NAO) have resulted in decadal to millennial-scale precipitation variation (Ashok et al, 2001;Rajeevan et al, 2012;Prasad et al, 2014).…”

The Holocene floods and their affinity to climatic variability in the western Himalaya, India

“…14 wet pulses broke the monotony especially after 3 ka (Phadtare, 2000;Wünnemann et al, 2010;Kotlia and Joshi, 2013;Mishra et al, 2015;Rawat et al, 2015).…”

“…Climatically, the oldest flood phase-1 (13.4 and 10.4 ka) coversthe Bølling/Ållerød (14.5-12.7 ka), the Younger Dryas (YD; ~12.7-11.6 ka) cooling event, and part of the pre-boreal warming (11.6 ka onward) (Lowe and Walker, 2014). The regional climate records reconstructed using multiple proxies from the western Himalaya(Demske et al., 2009;Wünnemann et al, 2010;Mishra et al, 2015;Rawat et al, 2015) and the centralHimalaya (Juyal et al, 2004;Sinha et al, 2005) indicate overall weakened ISM during phase-1 (except for its terminal part)(Fig. 7).…”

“…Panel (E) shows the westerlies strength inferred from the arid central Asian lakes(Chen et al, 2008). Panel (F) is the compiled climate data from the various lakes in the western(Chauhan et al, 2000; Chakraborty et al, 2006; Demske et al, 2009;Kotlia et al, 2010; Trivedi and Chauhan, 2009;Wünnemann et al, 2010;Mishra et al, 2015;Rawat et al, 2015;Yadava et al, 2016) and central Himalaya (Phadtare, 2000; Juyal et al, 2004; Sinha et al, 2005; Kotlia and Joshi, 2013). The wet and warm phases are represented by the dark blue region, while the light blue panels represent moderate climate.…”