Reconstitution of the rat olfactory epithelium after methyl bromide‐induced lesion

Schwob, James E.; Youngentob, Steven L.; Mezza, Renee C.

doi:10.1002/cne.903590103

Cited by 249 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Cell division was not obviously altered at P1, P25, or adult ages. The transient increase in neurogenesis observed Ͼ1 week after the peak of cell death is consistent with delayed neurogenic responses elicited after bulbectomy or methyl bromide-induced OE lesions (Schwartz-Levy et al, 1991;Schwob et al, 1995).…”

Section: Increased Cell Death and Precursor Proliferation In ␤3gnt1supporting

confidence: 70%

β1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Glycosylation Is Required for Axon Pathfinding by Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Henion¹,

Raitcheva²,

Grosholz³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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During embryonic development, axons from sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (OE) extend into the olfactory bulb (OB) where they synapse with projection neurons and form glomerular structures. To determine whether glycans play a role in these processes, we analyzed mice deficient for the glycosyltransferase ␤1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (␤3GnT1), a key enzyme in lactosamine glycan synthesis. Terminal lactosamine expression, as shown by immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody 1B2, is dramatically reduced in the neonatal null OE. Postnatal ␤3GnT1 Ϫ/Ϫ mice exhibit severely disorganized OB innervation and defective glomerular formation. Beginning in embryonic development, specific subsets of odorant receptor-expressing neurons are progressively lost from the OE of null mice, which exhibit a postnatal smell perception deficit. Axon guidance errors and increased neuronal cell death result in an absence of P2, I7, and M72 glomeruli, indicating a reduction in the repertoire of odorant receptor-specific glomeruli. By ϳ2 weeks of age, lactosamine is unexpectedly reexpressed in sensory neurons of null mice through a secondary pathway, which is accompanied by the regrowth of axons into the OB glomerular layer and the return of smell perception. Thus, both neonatal OE degeneration and the postnatal regeneration are lactosamine dependent. Lactosamine expression in ␤3GnT1 Ϫ/Ϫ mice is also reduced in pheromone-receptive vomeronasal neurons and dorsal root ganglion cells, suggesting that ␤3GnT1 may perform a conserved function in multiple sensory systems. These results reveal an essential role for lactosamine in sensory axon pathfinding and in the formation of OB synaptic connections.

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Section: Increased Cell Death and Precursor Proliferation In ␤3gnt1supporting

confidence: 70%

β1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Glycosylation Is Required for Axon Pathfinding by Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Henion¹,

Raitcheva²,

Grosholz³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…Lesions in these non-neural systems also cause an increase in the overall rate of proliferation, which may be partly due to the aforementioned changes in cell cycle duration. Likewise, in the olfactory epithelium, the rate of proliferation of globose basal cells, expressed per unit length of epithelium, increases in response to lesions that destroy either the olfactory neurons alone or both neurons and nonneuronal cells (Schwartz Levey et al, 1991;Suzuki and Takeda, 1991;Can-and Farbman, 1992;Schwob et al, 1992Schwob et al, ,1995. Of course, mechanisms other than alteration of the mitotic cycle in olfactory and other epithelia are likely to impact on the proliferation rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, additional cells may be recruited into the mitotic cycle from GO and/or a greater proportion of daughter cells may re-enter the mitotic cycle after lesion and thereby expand the proliferating pool. Circumstantial evidence in support of the latter mechanism is observed after epithelial lesions produced by inhalation of methyl bromide gas (Schwob et al, 1995). Given that the olfactory epithelium is a self-renewing neuroepithelium easily accessible to manipulation and analysis, the search for mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis in the olfactory system is justified by the potentiality that the same mechanisms also regulate neurogenesis in the developing brain and spinal cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each section, BrdU ( + ) cells of the basal compartment (any cell that is found within two cell bodies above the basal lamina and which is not in the vicinity of a duct of Bowman's gland) were scored as either CK 516 ( + (horizontal basal cell) or CK 5/6 (-1 (globose basal cell). To be considered CK 5/6 (+), CK 516 labeling had to form a rim encircling the nucleus in its entirety (Schwob et al, 1995).…”

Section: Ck 5/6 and Brdu Immunodetectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the olfactory epithelium is one prominent exception to this general rule, since olfactory sensory neurons are generated throughout life (Moulton et al, 1970;Graziadei and Monti Graziadei, 1979). Moreover, following injury to the olfactory system, neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium is greatly enhanced, allowing for a rapid reconstitution of the damaged epithelium (Nagahara, 1940;Graziadei, 1973;Graziadei and DeHan, 1973;Monti Graziadei and Graziadei, 1979;Costanzo and Graziadei, 1983;Schwartz Levey et al, 1991;Schwob et al, 1995). Several lines of evidence indicate that the mitotically active cells of the basal compartment are responsible for the generation of new neurons in the olfactory epithelium Hinds et al, 1984;Mackay-Sim and Kittel, 1991;Caggiano et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell cycle of globose basal cells in rat olfactory epithelium

Huard

Schwob

1995

Developmental Dynamics

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113

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The olfactory epithelium of adult mammals has the unique property of generating olfactory sensory neurons throughout life. Cells of the basal compartment, which include horizontal and globose basal cells, are responsible for the ongoing process of neurogenesis in this system. We report here that the globose basal cells in olfactory epithelium of rats, as in mice, are the predominant type of proliferating cell, and account for 97.6% of the actively dividing cells in the basal compartment of the normal epithelium. Globose basal cells have not been fully characterized in terms of their proliferative properties, and the dynamic aspects of neurogenesis are not well understood. As a consequence, it is uncertain whether cell kinetic properties are under any regulation that could affect the rate of neurogenesis. To address this gap in our knowledge, we have determined the duration of both the synthesis phase (S-phase) and the full cell cycle of globose basal cells in adult rats. The duration of the S-phase was found to be 9 hr in experiments utilizing sequential injections of either IdU followed by BrdU or 3H-thy followed by BrdU. The duration of the cell cycle was determined by varying the time interval between the injections of 3H-thy and BrdU and tracking the set of cells that exit S shortly after the first injection. With this paradigm, the interval required for these cells to traverse G2, M, G1, and a second S-phase, is equivalent to the duration of one mitotic cycle and equals 17 hr. These observations serve as the foundation to assess whether the cell cycle duration is subject to regulation in response to experimental injury, and whether such regulation is partly responsible for changes in the rate of neurogenesis in such settings. o 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Long-term Follow-up of Surgically Treated Phantosmia

Leopold¹,

Loehrl²,

Schwob³

2002

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Surgical excision of olfactory epithelium is an effective and safe method to relieve phantosmia while potentially preserving olfactory ability. The abnormal histological features of the excised olfactory tissue suggest at least some pathological condition in the peripheral olfactory system. This nasal surgery requires intensive olfactory evaluation and follow-up. It is also extremely difficult with significant risks, and therefore should be limited to specialized centers.

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Reconstitution of the rat olfactory epithelium after methyl bromide‐induced lesion

Cited by 249 publications

References 53 publications

β1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Glycosylation Is Required for Axon Pathfinding by Olfactory Sensory Neurons

β1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Glycosylation Is Required for Axon Pathfinding by Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Cell cycle of globose basal cells in rat olfactory epithelium

Long-term Follow-up of Surgically Treated Phantosmia

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