Reconhecimento etnoecológico sobre o tubarão-mangona Carcharias taurus sob a perspectiva de pescadores artesanais da grande Florianópolis-SC, Brasil

Abstract

Estudos com populações tradicionais pesqueiras são importantes fontes de resgate de conhecimento sobre espécies ameaçadas. O tubarão-mangona, Carcharias taurus, está criticamente em perigo (CR) no Brasil. Assim, buscando elucidar aspectos etnoecológicos sobre a espécie e verificar possíveis alterações nas suas populações na Grande Florianópolis, 24 pescadores artesanais especialistas na pesca da espécie foram entrevistados. Demonstramos que a espécie foi amplamente capturada no passado, com evidente declínio das capturas em um curto espaço temporal, demonstrando a suscetibilidade desta espécie frente à sobrepesca. Ressalta-se também que os entrevistados não mais a capturam atualmente. A pesca de C. taurus ocorria em regiões próximas a Ilha de Santa Catarina, corroborando com seus hábitos de vida costeiros. Sua dieta foi descrita como generalista, por consumirem diversas espécies de peixes, raias e lulas. A época de pesca ocorria nos meses de novembro a fevereiro, quando capturavam fêmeas grávidas, coincidindo com a literatura como possível período de reprodução. Contudo, apesar de quase a totalidade dos pescadores reconhecerem o declínio das populações de mangona, somente 55% deles acredita que isso pode gerar problemas ambientais, demonstrando desconhecimento do papel ecológico de um predador de topo de cadeia no ambiente ou baixa intenção na conservação dessa espécie.

South Brazil pre‐colonial sharks: Insights into biodiversity and species distributions

“…Most likely, this species was even more abundant in precolonial times, in line with the perception of fishermen in the region, who claim a declining population of the species in the area over recent decades (Santos et al, 2020). This species is critically endangered worldwide, and in Santa Catarina state the overfishing of great schools of C. taurus is recorded by Souza (2000Souza ( ) between 1940Souza ( and 1960 For this reason, these populations are collapsing (Chiaramonte et al, 2007;Santos et al, 2020). The last fishing census for Santa Catarina state showed Occurrences of C. carcharias are considered rare events in Brazil, with only 19 records in Brazilian waters (Soto, 2001).…”

“…taurus teeth at Rio do Meio (43% of all teeth found), and as the main shark identified at the species level, indicates its greater abundance in the past. Most likely, this species was even more abundant in precolonial times, in line with the perception of fishermen in the region, who claim a declining population of the species in the area over recent decades (Santos et al ., 2020). This species is critically endangered worldwide, and in Santa Catarina state the overfishing of great schools of C .…”

“…taurus is recorded by Souza (2000) between 1940 and 1960. For this reason, these populations are collapsing (Chiaramonte et al ., 2007; Santos et al ., 2020). The last fishing census for Santa Catarina state showed that 5.1 tons of the species were caught in 2012, which would mean an average of 57 individuals.…”

Differences and similarities in local ecological knowledge about rays among fishers, residents, and tourists

“…Several contributions to the ecological understanding of marine species are based on ethnobiological or ethnoecological approaches (e.g., about diet and reproduction of a particular group such as the snappers/Lutjanidae, Begossi et al 2011; or about ecology of targeted fish species and possible changes in stocks, Martins et al 2014), and environments (Begossi et al 2012Peterson et al 2019). However, most of these studies focused on teleosts, and only a few analyzed sharks (e.g., Barbosa-Filho et al 2014Carvalho et al 2018;Santos et al 2019) and none about ethnobiological knowledge of rays, other than the consumption of rays (Bornatowski et al 2015). Due to the limited number of published academic information on rays in Brazil and the lack of studies in southern Brazil with this approach, our objective is to evaluate the knowledge of the population of local residents, fishers, and tourists about the occurrence, distribution, reproduction, and feeding of ray species.…”

“…Thus, the ethnobiological approach allows for a dialogue and exchange between academia and traditional and local communities (Kimmerer 2002;Santos et al 2019). These studies should also respect local culture and recognize the community's contribution without the imposition of the researcher's ideas, as well as the use of appropriate language and respect respondent dynamics (Hanazaki and Freitas 2011).…”