Reconfigurable submicrometer spin-wave majority gate with electrical transducers

Talmelli, Giacomo; Devolder, T.; Träger, Nick; Förster, Jens; Wintz, Sebastian; Weigand, Markus; Stoll, Hermann; Heyns, Marc; Schütz, Gisela; Radu, Iuliana; Gräfe, Joachim; Ciubotaru, Florin; Adelmann, Christoph

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb4042

Cited by 79 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This work presents additional perspectives for the usage of magnetoelastic waves for spintronic applications, in which information is transported via waves in waveguides [41][42][43][44]. Considering an isolated waveguide, approaches to couple mechanical degrees of freedom to spin waves based on (inverse) magnetostriction are expected to generate magnetoelastic waves rather than pure spin waves in magnetostrictive waveguides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, many recent spin-wave-based information processing applications employ nanoscale ferromagnetic waveguides for information transfer and computation [41][42][43][44][45]. The small dimensions of such waveguides, which are required to enable high device densities, lead to wave confinement effects when the wavelengths become comparable to the waveguide width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confined magnetoelastic waves in thin waveguides

et al. 2021

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The characteristics of confined magnetoelastic waves in nanoscale ferromagnetic magnetostrictive waveguides have been investigated by a combination of analytical and numerical calculations. The presence of both magnetostriction and inverse magnetostriction leads to the coupling between confined spin waves and elastic Lamb waves. Numerical simulations of the coupled system have been used to extract the dispersion relations of the magnetoelastic waves as well as their mode profiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confined magnetoelastic waves in thin waveguides

et al. 2021

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“…The output port can also be positioned between the input ports, which renders the design reconfigurable. 363,365 The operation of an inline majority gate has been recently demonstrated experimentally using CoFeB as the waveguide material and surface spin waves with high group velocity. 363,365 This approach has also allowed for the scaling of the waveguide width down into the sub-µm range [see Fig.…”

Section: Phase Encoding: Spin-wave Majority Gatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Spin Wave Computing

Mahmoud¹,

Ciubotaru²,

Vanderveken³

et al. 2021

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This paper provides a tutorial overview over recent vigorous efforts to develop computing systems based on spin waves instead of charges and voltages. Spin-wave computing can be considered as a subfield of spintronics, which uses magnetic excitations for computation and memory applications. The tutorial combines backgrounds in spin-wave and device physics as well as circuit engineering to create synergies between the physics and electrical engineering communities to advance the field towards practical spin-wave circuits. After an introduction to magnetic interactions and spin-wave physics, all relevant basic aspects of spin-wave computing and individual spin-wave devices are reviewed. The focus is on spin-wave majority gates as they are the most prominently pursued device concept. Subsequently, we discuss the current status and the challenges to combine spin-wave gates and obtain circuits and ultimately computing systems, considering essential aspects such as gate interconnection, logic level restoration, input-output consistency, and fan-out achievement. We argue that spin-wave circuits need to be embedded in conventional CMOS circuits to obtain complete functional hybrid computing systems. The state of the art of benchmarking such hybrid spin-wave--CMOS systems is reviewed and the current challenges to realize such systems are discussed. The benchmark indicates that hybrid spin-wave--CMOS systems promise ultralow-power operation and may ultimately outperform conventional CMOS circuits in terms of the power-delay-area product. Current challenges to achieve this goal include low-power signal restoration in spin-wave circuits as well as efficient spin-wave transducers.

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“…Driven by this potential to build energy efficient circuits, several SW based logic gates and circuits have been reported [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . The Mach-Zehnder interferometer was utilized to build a SW NOT gate, which is considered as the first SW computing device 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, SW frequency was utilised as an additional parameter to improve data storage and computing capabilities of multi-frequency Majority and X(N)OR gates 17,18 . In addition, physical realization of Majority gates were demonstrated [26][27][28] . Furthermore, SW circuits were proposed at conceptual level, i.e., without simulation or experimental results, 29 , at simulation level, 2bit inputs SW multiplier 16 and magnonic half-adder 31 , as well as simulation based practical mm range prototypes 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin Wave Based Approximate Computing

Mahmoud¹,

Vanderveken²,

Ciubotaru³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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By their very nature Spin Waves (SWs) enable the realization of energy efficient circuits as they propagate and interfere within waveguides without consuming noticeable energy. However, SW computing can be even more energy efficient by taking advantage of the approximate computing paradigm as many applications are error-tolerant like multimedia and social media. In this paper we propose an ultra-low energy novel Approximate Full Adder (AFA) and a 2-bit inputs Multiplier (AMUL). The approximate FA consists of one Majority gate while the approximate MUL is built by means of 3 AND gates. We validate the correct functionality of our proposal by means of micromagnetic simulations and evaluate the approximate FA figure of merit against state-of-the-art accurate SW, 7nm CMOS, Spin Hall Effect (SHE), Domain Wall Motion (DWM), accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ), and Spin-CMOS FA implementations. Our results indicate that AFA consumes 43% and 33% less energy than state-of-the-art accurate SW and 7nm CMOS FA, respectively, and saves 69% and 44% when compared with accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, respectively, and provides a 2 orders of magnitude energy reduction when compared with accurate SHE, accurate and approximate DWM, MTJ, and Spin-CMOS, counterparts. In addition, it achieves the same error rate as approximate 45nm CMOS and Spin-CMOS FA whereas it exhibits 50% less error rate than the approximate DWM FA. Furthermore, it outperforms its contenders in terms of area by saving at least 29% chip real-estate. AMUL is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art accurate SW and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate state-of-the-art designs. The evaluation results indicate that it saves at least 2x and 5x energy in comparison with the state-of-the-art SW designs and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate designs, respectively, and has an average error rate of 10%, while the approximate CMOS MUL has an average error rate of 12.5%, and requires at least 64% less chip real-estate.

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Reconfigurable submicrometer spin-wave majority gate with electrical transducers

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

Confined magnetoelastic waves in thin waveguides

Confined magnetoelastic waves in thin waveguides

Introduction to Spin Wave Computing

Spin Wave Based Approximate Computing

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