Reconfigurable multiband microstrip patch antenna design for wireless communication applications

A Comprehensive Review on Multi-band Microstrip Patch Antenna Comprising 5G Wireless Communication

“…(A) U Shaped Parasitic Element [44] (B) U-Shaped Slot [46] (C) Fractal -1 st and 2 nd iteration [42] (D) Feeding Techniques [19] (E) Reconfigurable Antenna [45] (F) Metamaterial Antenna [43] Asif et al [44] realized compact and 2-rectangular Ushaped parasitic elements based antenna resonates at 2.6, 6.0, and 8.5 GHz, useful in WiMAX, vehicular LAN, and weather radars application. The parasitic elements can be used for controlling resonance frequencies and 2 nd and 3 rd mode excitation.…”

“…Yeole and Khot [45] demonstrated a low profile; lightweight U-shape slotted reconfigurable patch antenna. The of pin diodes provide tuning at 2.6, 4.5, 8.4, 8.8, and 9.8 GHz, which provides Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, UWB, and 3G applications using a single patch.…”

Study of Diminutive Antenna employing identical elliptical notch in Elliptical Microstrip patch for multiband applications

“…A major issue for contemporary transmitters and receivers is to expand the capability of many functions in tiny volume sizes [1][2][3]. Today's antennas are integrated with other circuit components and serve as more than just a receiving and transmitting device [4][5][6]. Additionally, the modern communication system's rapid expansion has increased popularity of antennas that can function at a variety of frequencies, particularly the one used in ISM Band (industrial, scientific, and medical band) with no licencing requirements [7][8][9].…”

On the Self-Structuring Antenna

“…Self-structuring antennas were first studied in 1983 by Schaubert [4]; then in 1999, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched a program under the name Reconfigurable Aperture Program to investigate reconfigurable antennas and their potential applications [5]. From that moment, many reconfigurable antennas had been investigated and designed [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…• using photoconductive switching elements [11]; • structural alteration [12]; • using smart materials (ferrites, liquid crystals) [13]; • changing electrical size of the antenna [3,6,7,[14][15][16].…”