Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Power Consumption Modeling and Practical Measurement Validation

Wang, Jinghe; Tang, Wankai; Liang, Jinxing; Zhang, Lei; Dai, Jun; Li, Xiao; Jin, Shi; Cheng, Qiang; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.00323

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In recent time, researchers have published on the hardware aspect of RIS beyond applications in 5G/6G, while many other articles have focused on techniques that can be used in measuring the performance of RIS. RISs unit cell elements can also be based on printed patches with modified shapes connected by the tuning components (varactor or PIN diodes) [11,12], printed microstrip lines connected by the tuning components to the ground plane [13], or single printed patch element structure [14]. The authors in used two varactors to establish a connection between microstrip lines with the ground plane, and a phase shift of at least 180º at 5.8 GHz using 1-bit arrangement was recorded.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation Unit Cell for 6G Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Application

Kadhim

Sallomi

2023

Int. J. Onl. Eng.

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This article presents a model through which the reflection coefficient amplitude as well as phase of reflective intelligent surfaces can be estimated accurately. The reconfigurability of the surface was achieved by incorporating the varactor diodes into the surface of the cell unit. The manipulation of the phase of the reflection coefficient can be achieved by making adjustments to the biasing state of the varactors. The model, which makes use of a physics-based methodology and is based on a transmission-line circuit description of the Reconfigurable Intelligent surfaces (RIS) unit cells, considers every pertinent electrical and geometrical characteristics of the proposed surface. With the method proposed in this paper, fast and accurate RIS-based communication lines can be created. The recommended accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed through the use of a CST microwave studio full-wave simulations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation Unit Cell for 6G Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Application

Kadhim

Sallomi

2023

Int. J. Onl. Eng.

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“…where P ctrl and P diode are the power consumed at the controller as the static power and each diode as the dynamic power, respectively, and N is the number of varactor diodes used for activating elements. We suppose that P ctrl = 15.75 W (Wang et al, 2022) and each diode operating at 60 GHz consumes 15 mW. Once activated, the average power consumption for the largest AgRIS subarray is 17.565 W. We can then compare the numerical result of energy efficiency for both AgRIS options.…”

Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

AgRIS: wind-adaptive wideband reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for resilient wireless agricultural networks at millimeter-wave spectrum

Nie

Vuran

2023

Front. Comms. Net.

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Wireless networks in agricultural environments are unique in many ways. Recent measurements reveal that the dynamics of crop growth impact wireless propagation channels with a long-term seasonal pattern. Additionally, short-term environmental factors, such as strong wind, result in variations in channel statistics. Next-generation agricultural fields, populated by autonomous tractors, drones, and high-throughput sensing systems, require high-throughput connectivity infrastructure, resulting in the future deployment of high-frequency networks, where they have not been deployed before. More specifically, when millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems, a viable candidate for 5G and 6G high-throughput solutions, are deployed for higher throughput, these issues become more prominent due to the relatively small wavelength at this frequency band. To improve coverage in the mmWave spectrum in agricultural settings, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a promising solution with low energy consumption and high cost efficiency when compared to half-duplex active relays with multiple antennas. To ensure link resiliency under dynamic channel behavior, an adaptive RIS for broadband wireless agricultural networks (AgRIS) at mmWave band is designed in this work. AgRIS relies on output from a time-series model that forecasts the short-term wind speed based on measured wind data, which is readily available in most farms. The temporal correlation between link reliability and wind speed is demonstrated through extensive field experiments. Our simulation results demonstrate that AgRIS with a small footprint of 11 × 11 elements can help mitigate the adversarial effects of wind-induced signal level drop by up to 8 dB and provides high energy efficiency of 1 Gbits/joule.

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“…and the dynamic part consumed by the IMS elements. [29] The existing IMSs generally utilize varactor diodes or positive intrinsic negative (PIN) diodes. For varactor-diode-based IMSs, [15,16,[26][27][28] the dynamic power consumption is zero since the static current in the elements is negligible when IMSs are working.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increase of the array size, polarization mode, and bit number, the dynamic power consumption will be enormous. For example, the dynamic power consumptions of 1-bit IMSs with 1600 elements [30] and 10 200 elements [1] are 11.2 and 71.4 W, respectively, while the values of a 1-bit dual-polarized IMS with 3600 elements [29] and a 2-bit IMS with 256 elements [31] are 103.2 and 153 W, respectively. Besides, the static power consumption of PIN-diode-based IMSs is about tens of watts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface

Wang

Shen

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Information metasurfaces (IMSs) have been considered to be a revolutionary technology for improving the spectral efficiency of sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communications due to their superior ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, there are still problems to be solved before the widespread application of IMSs. The first is to reduce power consumption, and the second is to achieve a long‐range remote control. In this paper, a long‐range and nearly passive radio frequency identification (RFID)‐controlled IMS is proposed. The proposed IMS comprises four RFID tags and 8 × 8 elements, each of which is integrated with a single‐pole‐double‐throw switch chip to achieve 1‐bit phase reconfigurability. With the remote control of the RFID system, the IMS can be programmed to switch between three functionalities, including beam splitting, beamforming, and EM‐wave absorption. Experiments are performed and the beam‐splitting functionality is demonstrated. The measurement results indicate that the wireless communication between the RFID reader and the IMS is robust within 21.7 m. Additionally, the power consumption of the IMS is as low as 0.576 mW, which can be negligible. The scheme presented in this paper paves the way for the large‐scale applications of IMSs in 6G wireless communications.

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Power Consumption Modeling and Practical Measurement Validation

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Design and Implementation Unit Cell for 6G Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Application

Design and Implementation Unit Cell for 6G Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Application

AgRIS: wind-adaptive wideband reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for resilient wireless agricultural networks at millimeter-wave spectrum

A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface

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