Reconfigurable Full Color Display using Anisotropic Black Phosphorus

Abstract

of metallic subwavelength antennas can generate optical elements with varied abilities. [6,7] Particularly, the PMMs advance interesting design methods to make light display and projection devices, [8,9] revolutionising state-of-the-art display technology. For example, a color display was obtained using the interference effect in pixelized metal-dielectric-metal multilayered structure. [10][11][12][13][14][15] As the spectral resonance of PMM color display depends on the meta-atom composition and geometry, most PMM color filters only produce static colors since the material and geometry of the PMMs are not varied once the devices are fabricated. Nevertheless, the fast development of color display technology demands tunable color filters/reflectors. [16] Recently, tunable color displaying technique has been studied using electrically tunable PMMs based on liquid crystal (LC). [17][18][19] Whereas, the tunability is rather restrained and the integration of the electrodes as well as the required layer structures for the LC tuning can be complicated in nanostructure. Meanwhile, a vanadium dioxide (VO 2 )-based PMM has been used to obtain switchable plasmonic colors, [20,21] where radical temperature-induced refractive index change in VO 2 leads to a variation in the reflected color. However, the VO 2 needs constant heating above the insulator-to-metal transition temperature to maintain the VO 2 in its high-temperature state. Chemical reaction induced metal-insulator transition can also change the plasmonic color. Very recently, a magnesium (Mg)-based plasmonic MM has been proposed to generate colors with high purity over a broad gamut under a hydrogen (H 2 ) environment. [22,23] However, the chemistry tuning process is slow; for example, it takes about 10 min of hydrogenation to remove the image and 37 min to restore it fully. Another method to produce tunable plasmonic colors is to reversibly deform the plasmonic MM residing on stretchable substrate. [24][25][26][27][28] However, a few crucial areas stay for further study such as integrated tuning schemes, cycle stability, and how to improve the optical performance while maintaining the tuning range. The most straightforward method to dynamically tune colors is to map the incident polarization states of polarization-dependent PMMs to various colors. [9,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Yet, the optical losses of PMMs and complexity of current nanofabrication techniques limit their further developments. [36,37] Anisotropic optical material provides a platform that paves up new avenues for polarization-dependent devices. Recently, Next-generation color display entails miniaturization, reconfigurablity, flexibility, integration, and excellent workability. Recently, emerging 2D van der Waals materials offer a new opportunity to satisfy these requirements and attract intense attention, owing to their intrinsic in-plane anisotropy for polarization dependent photosensitivity, straightforward integration with complicated nanostructures, and efficient quantum confinement for good...

Strong Anisotropic Optical Properties by Rolling up MoS2 Nanoflake

“…For instance, a large anisotropic ratio of BP enables polarized color displays. 28 The dichroic photodetector is demonstrated based on anisotropic ReS 2 with the anisotropic ratio of 0.54. 29 Furthermore, benefiting from the existence of built-in electrical field and regardless of the crystal lattice matching, van der Waals (vdWs) structures consisting of anisotropic 2D materials and different 2D materials have shown an obvious enhancement of the performance of the device.…”

“…The above-mentioned limitations have motivated the exploration of anisotropic 2D crystals such as BP, ReS 2 , GeAs, etc. − These 2D materials demonstrate crystal axis-dependent characteristics, such as absorption of armchair-polarized light is stronger than zigzag-polarized light for BP in the visible range. , In addition, electron mobility presents a maximum value of 23.1 cm 2 ·V –1 ·s –1 along the b -axis of ReS 2 , thereby providing a platform for designing polarization-sensitive optical and optoelectronic devices. For instance, a large anisotropic ratio of BP enables polarized color displays . The dichroic photodetector is demonstrated based on anisotropic ReS 2 with the anisotropic ratio of 0.54 .…”

Optical Properties and Dynamic Extrinsic Chirality of Structured Monolayer Black Phosphorus

“…On the other hand, BP has a large tunable bandgap. Thus, the manipulation of electromagnetic waves with BP, such as absorbers (Lu et al, 2015;Niu et al, 2018;Kong et al, 2019) and reconfigurable color display (Jia et al, 2021), has aroused widespread interest. The monolayer BP is composed of hexagonal honeycomb lattice with a folded structure (Low et al, 2014;Hong et al, 2019).…”

A Black Phosphorus‐Based Fabry–Pérot Cavity and Its Application for Reversible Color Switching

“…[43,44,46] Recently, the intrinsic in-plane anisotropy in the BP fleet has shown promising potential for obtaining polarized color display. [47] However, the relatively weak strength of BP optical DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202200137 2D black phosphorus (BP) possesses an in-plane anisotropy, offering another degree of freedom to create new optoelectronic and photonic devices, such as waveplates with atomic thickness. Yet, due to its very low energy bandgap, the anisotropy of BP crystal is mainly studied in the near-infrared region and remains elusive in the visible region.…”

“…[ 43,44,46 ] Recently, the intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy in the BP fleet has shown promising potential for obtaining polarized color display. [ 47 ] However, the relatively weak strength of BP optical anisotropy in the visible region forbids its applications in the sectors in which polarization‐dependent, integrated, and nanoscale polarization controllers are desired. [ 45,48 ] Robust in‐plane optical anisotropy of the atomic layer and ultrathin BP laminate provides a perspective of new devices.…”