Reconfigurable and Recyclable Circuits Based on Liquid Passive Components

Abstract

Liquid conductors are an intriguing substitute for traditional solid‐state materials for fabricating reconfigurable and recyclable circuits in electronic devices. However, most liquid conductors are costly and suffer from low conductivity that immensely slows their development in liquid reactance elements. Here, a solvated ionic liquid (SIL) with low cost and high conductivity is formulated by employing hydrogen‐bonding complex between 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and ethylene glycol. This SIL can be used for manufacturing liquid passive components such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors, which can be easily assembled into electronic devices with signal filtering functions. In addition, fluidic circuits have great potential for building a woven dynamic circuit that allows to handle various tasks under the same electronic module. This strategy opens an avenue for expanding the usage of liquid conductors to broader electronics designs.

Research progress in ionic liquid-based multifunctional green electronic devices

“…Society 许可) Figure 6 Polypyrrole grafted near-infrared light-responsive ionic liquids [38] . 7 Liquid logic circuits based on ionic liquids [39] . (a) Fabrication of dynamic circuits with three different parts (I: parallel resistance; II: Wheatstone bridge; III: reactance elements).…”

“…电子器件，器件功能的测试证实了液体无源 电子器件进行复杂液体电子电路组装的可能 [39] [40] 。Simone Fabiano 课题组 [41] 基于二偏氟乙 烯-六氟己烯共聚物(PVDF-co-HFP)与离子 [42] 探究了 I -/I -3 在不同温度下的氧化还原 行为，揭示了氧化还原电对在离子液体中的 热电转换机制。陈刚课题组 [43] 将氧化还原电 对 Fe(CN)6 4- [46] (图 8d)。通过将 P 型热电器件与 N 型热 电器件进行串联，可以得到具备高输出电压 的离子液体热电转换器。 图 8 离子热电芯片。(a)离子型热电器件示意 图 [45] 。(b, c)测得的电压与所施加温差的函数 关系 [45] 。(网络版彩图，版权经 John Wiley and Sons 许可)(d)水/离子液体二元系统的塞 贝克系数与含水量的关系 [46] 。(网络版彩图， 版权经 American Chemical Society 许可) Figure 8 Thermoelectric chip based on ionic liquids. (a) Schematic illustration of ionic thermoelectric converter [45] .…”

Soft Electronics Based on Liquid Conductors

“…Another liquid conductor that also offers great promise for soft electronics is deep eutectic solvents. [ 70–74 ] Since Abbott et al. presented the first deep eutectic solvent example as a product of mixing choline chloride with urea, [ 75 ] it has aroused great interests in green synthesis owing to their unique physicochemical properties like low volatility, electrochemical stability, and high ionic conductivity.…”

“…Another liquid conductor that also offers great promise for soft electronics is deep eutectic solvents. [70][71][72][73][74] Since Abbott et al presented the first deep eutectic solvent example as a product of mixing choline chloride with urea, [75] it has aroused great Figure 7. a) A thermal diffusion model to explain the thermoelectric conversion.…”

Liquid metal hydraulics paradigm: Transmission medium and actuation of bimodal signals

“…The electrohydraulic actuators for soft gripper are a general strategy for fluid-actuated flexible robotics, which achieved good compliance due to the composition of soft materials like polyethylene film and silicone [17][18][19][20]. In addition, the electromagnetic properties of hydraulic fluids are applied to fabricate the reconfigurable and cyclable circuits and electrothermal conversion actuation [21,22]. These materials, however, often have a single superior nature that does not allow simultaneous transmission of multiple signal modes.…”