Reconciling Environment and Development in the Clean Development Mechanism

Kerr, John M.; Foley, Chris; Chung, Kimberly; Jindal, Rohit

doi:10.1300/j091v23n01_01

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Unproductive lands (wastelands) were mainly distributed among the poor [169] Conservation of dry regions Improvement in dry and drought-prone area through dry farming [199] Formation of the National Commission on Agriculture (NCA) Estimated total area of wasteland and initiated a centralized wasteland development program [170] Integrated watershed development program in the catchment of floods Enhance productivity and tackle menace of floods [188] First stage of social forestry Concept of productive forest where the main aim was to achieve ecology and economic sustenance [178] Second stage (1980-2000)…”

Section: Redistribution Of Land and Tenancy Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table A6 (Appendix F) represents India's region-specific wasteland reclamation procedure, where afforestation and watershed developments seem to be quite well spread. Afforestation is a part of social forestry; at the same time, watershed development programs may not fully consider the development of wastelands, but they improve the overall ecology and economy in a demarcated area [188]. Within a boundary of a watershed, there might be different developmental approaches like agricultural development [189], soil moisture maintenance [190], and the protection of land degradation [191].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of Wasteland in the Developing World with a Focus on India

Kar,

Sundberg,

Satpati

et al. 2024

Environments

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This article seeks to provide an improved and more comprehensive understanding of the concept and theories on wasteland. It achieves this by focusing on the Indian context, allowing us to unpack the importance of including multiple perspectives of wasteland narratives; this means including more positive narratives of the potential of wasteland to inform and improve prospects for land policies in the Global South. Wasteland is commonly recognized as an underutilized category of land that may transform into a valuable resource base with proper management measures. The term waste has multiple angles that carry different notions ranging from fallow to agroforestry land in the Global South and brownfield to green space in the Global North. We conduct a narrative review approach to qualitatively analyze the concept of wastelands, which has been studied in the pre-existing literature from 1970 to the present. This unsystematic literature review approach incorporates multiple elements of wasteland discourse, like understanding the meaning of the term on a global scale, setting out the meaning of the term waste into multiple perspectives explicitly in the Indian context, along with different classes and management approaches to wasteland from a national perspective. The multiple perspectives of wasteland not only generate misconceptions of land resources but spawn difficulties in land-use policy, particularly for the Indian scenario. For sustainable land-use policy, reclaiming wasteland would be the best possible way for India and other countries in the Global South, which requires a comprehensive methodological overview on wasteland narrative.

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Section: Redistribution Of Land and Tenancy Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of Wasteland in the Developing World with a Focus on India

Kar,

Sundberg,

Satpati

et al. 2024

Environments

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“…Some programs have also found that rewarding sustainable management efforts by granting or strengthening tenure rights is an effective land use incentives strategy and a means of creating direct livelihood benefits (Sunderlin et al 2008). For example, in a Philippines' community forestry program, farmers were granted tenure rights in degraded state forests for establishing coffee-based agroforestry systems on condition that they protect the rest of the forest (Kerr et al 2006). But it should also be noted that secure tenure may be a necessary but insufficient condition for positive environmental outcomes in situations in which alternative land uses are more profitable to sustainable forestry-this underlines the need to combine tenure reforms with PES or some other means of increasing the returns to sustainable management (for example, eco-certification).…”

Section: The Wider Pes Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned for REDD+ from PES and Conservation Incentive Programs

Fonafifo¹,

Conafor²

2012

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Finally Costa Rica, Mexico and Ecuador thank PROFOR, the World Bank Institute, and the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility in the World Bank for financing the project and sponsoring this report. * While no uniformly-agreed definition of PES exists, a widely-cited definition proposed by Wunder (2005) stipulates that PES is: "(a) a voluntary transaction where (b) a well-defined [environmental service (ES)] (or a land-use likely to secure that service) (c) is being 'bought' by a (minimum one) ES buyer, (d) from (minimum one) ES provider, (e) if and only if the ES provider secures ES provision (conditionality)." While conservation incentive payments may be conditional upon conservation activities or even outcomes, they are not conditional on provision of ecosystem services, and so do not strictly fit within this definition. Brief synopsis of the country programs Costa Rica and Mexico have been pioneers in the creation of PES mechanisms. Costa Rica started its PES Program (PSA) scheme in 1997, coordinated by the National Forestry Financing Fund (FONAFIFO) with funds from a tax on fossil fuels. By 2009, there were 671,000 hectares under the PSA. This helped increase national forest cover from 44% in 1998 to 51% in 2005. Costa Rica's experience is also notable as regards establishing an enabling policy, legal and institutional framework for PES. Mexico started its Hydrological Environmental Services Program (PSAH) in 2003 with earmarked funds from national water fees. The PSAH involved payments to landowning 'ejido' and 'agrarian communities', as well as individual landowners, for maintaining forest in hydrologically important areas. In 2004, the Payments for Carbon and Biodiversity Services Program (PSA-CABSA), which includes agroforestry systems, was added. These programs, both managed by the National Forest Commission (CONAFOR), have since been integrated into the Program of Payments for Environmental Services (PSAB). PSAB currently covers 2.2 million hectares of forest. More recently, Ecuador created the Socio Bosque program of conservation incentives in 2008. In addition, in June 2009 the Ministry of Environment established the "Páramo Chapter" of Socio Bosque resulting in the additional conservation of about 18,000 hectares of this Andean ecosystem of great importance for protecting and regulating water resources. By 2011 about 868,000 hectares of native forest and other priority ecosystems were protected.

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“…Table A6 (Appendix F) represents India's region-specific wasteland reclamation procedure, where afforestation and watershed developments seem to be quite well spread. Afforestation is a part of social forestry; At the same time, watershed development programs may not fully consider the development of wastelands, but it is for improving the overall ecology and economy in a demarcated area [188]. Within a boundary of a watershed, there might have different developmental approaches like agricultural development [189], soil moisture maintenance [190], and protection of land degradation [191].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of <em>Wasteland </em>in Developing World with a Focus on India

Kar,

Sundberg,

Satpati

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This article seeks to provide an improved and more comprehensive understanding of the concept and theories on wasteland. It achieves this by focusing on the Indian context allowing us to unpack the importance of including multiple perspectives of wasteland narratives; this means including more positive narratives of the potential of wasteland to inform and improve prospects for land policies in the global south. Wasteland is commonly recognized as an underutilized category of land that may transform into a valuable resource base with proper management measures. The term waste has multiple angles that carry different notions ranging from fallow to agroforestry land in the global south and Brownfield to green space in the global north. We conduct a narra-tive review approach to qualitatively analyze the concept wastelands studied in pre-existing lit-erature from 1970 to present. The unsystematic literature review approach incorporates multiple elements of wasteland discourse, like understanding the meaning of the term on a global scale, setting out the meaning of the term waste into multiple perspectives explicitly in the Indian con-text, along with different classes and management approaches of wasteland from a national per-spective. The multiple perspectives of wasteland not only generate misconception on land resource but spawn difficulties in land use policy particularly for Indian scenario. For sustainable land use policy, reclaiming wasteland would be the best possible way for India and other countries in Global South, which requires a comprehensive methodological overview on wasteland narrative.

show abstract

Reconciling Environment and Development in the Clean Development Mechanism

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of Wasteland in the Developing World with a Focus on India

Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of Wasteland in the Developing World with a Focus on India

Lessons Learned for REDD+ from PES and Conservation Incentive Programs

Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of <em>Wasteland </em>in Developing World with a Focus on India

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