Reconceptualizing major depressive disorder as an infectious disease

Canli, Turhan

doi:10.1186/2045-5380-4-10

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Overall these findings complement the hypothesis that depression may often result from immunological responses induced by infection (Benros et al 2013;Canli 2014;Doyle et al 2007Doyle et al , 2008Raison and Miller 2013). Although our patients were not categorized according to the severity of depression, the extent to which common etiologic factors contribute to both major depression and less severe forms of depression is currently unclear.…”

Section: Chlamydia Trachomatis and Depressionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Sexually Transmitted Pathogens, Depression, and Other Manifestations Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome

Doyle

Swain

Ewald

et al. 2015

Hum Nat

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This study investigated whether sexually transmitted infections and lifestyle variables are associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as well as particular manifestations commonly associated with PMS. Data were gathered from medical records of 500 regularly cycling women. The following infectious agents were investigated: human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Bivariate tests and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate whether these pathogens were associated with headache, pain, nausea, and depression. Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and two common manifestations of PMS: depression and pain. Trichomonas vaginalis was significantly correlated with headache and Gardnerella vaginalis with nausea. None of the illness manifestations was significantly associated with the tested lifestyle variables: dietary calcium supplementation, alcohol and drug use, exercise, and smoking. These associations provide a basis for assessment of infectious causation of PMS and several manifestations of illness that are commonly associated with PMS.

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Section: Chlamydia Trachomatis and Depressionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Sexually Transmitted Pathogens, Depression, and Other Manifestations Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome

Doyle

Swain

Ewald

et al. 2015

Hum Nat

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“…Further, tryptophan is rare amino acid in the human proteome. Tryptophan and its metabolites are essential for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin [46-49]. In this context, we note that IDO1 polymorphisms are associated with other human conditions including major depressive disorder [47,50], and bipolar disorder [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Intrinsic Factors Modulate the Effects of IFNγ on the Development of Chlamydia trachomatis

Sherchand

Ibana

Quayle

et al. 2016

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that cannot synthesize several amino acids, including tryptophan. Rather, C. trachomatis acquires these essential metabolites from its human host cell. Chlamydial dependence on host-provided tryptophan underlies a major host defense mechanism against the bacterium; namely, the induction of the host tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase (IDO1) by interferon gamma (IFNγ), which leads to eradication of C. trachomatis by tryptophan starvation. For this reason, IFNγ is proposed to be the major host protective cytokine against genital C. trachomatis infections. The protective effect of IFNγ against C. trachomatis can be recapitulated in vitro using epithelial cell-lines such as the cervical carcinoma derived cell-line Hela, the Hela subclone HEp-2, and the cervical carcinoma derived cell-line ME180. Addition of IFNγ to these cells infected with C. trachomatis results in a strong bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect dependent on the concentration of IFNγ administered. Unlike Hela, HEp-2, and ME180, there are other human epithelial, or epithelial-like cell-lines where administration of IFNγ does not affect chlamydial replication, although they express the IFNγ receptor (IFNGR). In this report, we have characterized the mechanisms that underlie this dichotomy using the cell-lines C33A and 293. Akin to Hela, C33A is derived from a human cervical carcinoma, while 293 cells were produced by transfection of adenovirus type 5 DNA into embryonic kidney cells. We demonstrate that although IFNGR is expressed at high levels in C33A cells, its ligation by IFNγ does not result in STAT1 phosphorylation, an essential step for activation of the IDO1 promoter. Our results indicate that although the IFNγ-dependent signaling cascade is intact in 293 cells; the IDO1 promoter is not activated in these cells because it is epigenetically silenced, most likely by DNA methylation. Because polymorphisms in IFNγ, IFNGR, and the IDO1 promoter are known to affect other human infections or diseased states, our results indicate that the effect of allelic differences in these genes and the pathways they activate should be evaluated for their effect on C. trachomatis pathology.

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“…Furthermore, sickness feeling after viral or bacterial infection has similar symptoms as depression suggesting similarities in their molecular background [12,13]. However, the alterations may not be equally located in the brain.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Proteomic investigation of the prefrontal cortex in the rat clomipramine model of depression

Gellén

Völgyi

Győrffy

et al. 2017

Journal of Proteomics

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Reconceptualizing major depressive disorder as an infectious disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 73 publications

Sexually Transmitted Pathogens, Depression, and Other Manifestations Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome

Sexually Transmitted Pathogens, Depression, and Other Manifestations Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome

Cell Intrinsic Factors Modulate the Effects of IFNγ on the Development of Chlamydia trachomatis

Proteomic investigation of the prefrontal cortex in the rat clomipramine model of depression

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