“…Fig. 3 shows the MAE of CUPCF in comparison with a number of state-of-the-art recommendation methods mentioned in references of [18,[28][29]. The percentage of improving of CUPCF than other models and techniques such as CF is 2.5%, CF-RA is 0.28%, CF-Diff is 0.8%, CF-Rank is 1.2%, CF-MW is 1.1%, CF-HW is 1.9%, Pearson is 1.5%, RA-COS is 1.4%, RA-SRC is 5.7%, SRC is 11.4%, RA-CPC is 1.1%, CPC is 2.3%, Three-Segment is 2.5%, BCF is 6.3%, NHSM is 12%, PIP is 15%, COS is 15.5%, K-Means Leader is 1.2% and K-Means is 3.2%.…”