Recommended Parameter Values for GENII Modeling of Radionuclides in Routine Air and Water Releases

Snyder, Stephen; Arimescu, Carmen; Napier, Bruce A.; Hay, Tristan R.

doi:10.2172/1120105

Cited by 1 publication

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the course of evaluating the current parameter needs for the GENII Version 2 code (Snyder et al 2013), areas of possible improvement for both the data and the underlying models have been identified. As the data review was implemented, PNNL staff identified areas where the models can be improved both to accommodate the locally significant pathways identified and also to incorporate newer models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transfer coefficients presented in Snyder et al (2013) are compiled from existing literature sources. The most complete sources are major reviews conducted by volunteers associated with programs administered by the International Atomic Energy Agency (i.e., .…”

Section: Data Needs For Existing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is obvious that "fruit" covers a wide range of morphologies; insufficient data are available to differentiate them at this time. In Snyder et al (2013), following the convention of a number of codes, this has been categorized into only four types (leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, and grains).…”

Section: Plant/crop Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent IAEA compendium provides some information for sand, loam, and clay type soils, but the information is sparse and frequently unavailable. The compilation of concentration ratios in Snyder et al (2013) used the "All" soil type as the default. It could be possible to generalize uptake for different chemical classes for the different soil types (slight increase, average, slight decrease) and apply chemical class/soil type adjustments to approximate sitespecific corrections; this has not yet been investigated further.…”

Section: Plant/crop Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additional Research Needs to Support the GENII Biosphere Models

Napier¹,

Snyder²,

Arimescu³

2013

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SummaryIn the course of evaluating the current parameter needs for the GENII Version 2 code (Snyder et al. 2013), areas of possible improvement for both the data and the underlying models have been identified. As the data review was implemented, PNNL staff identified areas where the models can be improved both to accommodate the locally significant pathways identified and also to incorporate newer models. The areas are general data needs for the existing models and improved formulations for the pathway models.It is recommended that priorities be set by NRC staff to guide selection of the most useful improvements in a cost-effective manner. Suggestions are made based on relatively easy and inexpensive changes, and longer-term more costly studies. In the short term, there are several improved model formulations that could be applied to the GENII suite of codes to make them more generally useful. These are: Implementation of the separation of the translocation and weathering processes  Implementation of an improved model for carbon-14 from non-atmospheric sources  Implementation of radon exposure pathways models  Development of a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) processor for the output report generator module data that could be superimposed upon digital maps for easier presentation and display  Implementation of marine mammal models (manatees, seals, walrus, whales, etc.) Modifications to include a radionuclide transport model for estuarine environments.Data needs in the longer term require extensive (and potentially expensive) research. Before picking any one radionuclide or food type, a review of current and anticipated environmental analyses should be made to select "dominant" radionuclides of interest to allow setting of cost-effective priorities for radionuclide-and pathway-specific research. These include  soil-to-plant uptake studies for oranges and other citrus fruits  Development of models for evaluation of radionuclide concentration in highly-processed foods such as oils and sugars  Sediment/radionuclide transport models in estuary, ocean, and freshwater environments.Finally, renewed studies of radionuclide cleanup in various modern types of municipal water treatment facilities such as advanced filtration or reverse-osmosis processes may be performed without development of any new or costly experimental facilities.v

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Needs For Existing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant/crop Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant/crop Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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