Recommendations from the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma’s Firearm Strategy Team (FAST) Workgroup: Chicago Consensus I

Talley, Cynthia L.; Campbell, Brendan T.; Jenkins, Donald H.; Barnes, Stephen L.; Sidwell, Richard A.; Timmerman, Gary; Gross, R; Coburn, Michael; Bailey, Jeffrey A.; Eastman, A. Brent; Ficke, James R.; Kuncir, Eric; Letton, Robert W.; Eastridge, Brian J.; Liepert, Amy E.; Wilson, Alison; Robinette, Danny; Davis, James W.; Shalgian, C; Michaels, Holly; Weissler, Mark C.; Kuhls, Deborah A.; Bulger, Eileen M.; Stewart, Ronald M.

doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.11.002

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Additionally, findings from combat casualties are not only relevant to military service members and veterans but also may elucidate important public health implications for similar civilian trauma such as gun violence. 16,17 In the present study, we randomly selected a large cohort of combat casualties and matched them with a population that was deployed to a combat location, but not injured. We hypothesized that combat injured patients would have higher rates of HTN, coronary artery disease (CAD), and diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with uninjured patients after adjustment for demographic, health behavior, and mental health factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enduring Health Consequences of Combat Trauma: a Legacy of Chronic Disease

et al. 2020

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Background A better understanding of the long-term health effects of combat injury is important for the management of veterans’ health in the Department of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) health care systems and may have implications for primary care management of civilian trauma patients. Objective To determine the impact of traumatic injury on the subsequent development of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) after adjustment for sociodemographic, health behavior, and mental health factors. Design Retrospective cohort study of current and former US military personnel with data obtained from both the DoD and VA health care systems. Participants Combat injured (n = 8727) service members between 1 February 2002 and 14 June 2016 randomly selected from the DoD Trauma Registry matched 1:1 based on year of birth, sex, and branch of service to subjects that deployed to a combat zone but were not injured. Main Measures Traumatic injury, stratified by severity, compared with no documented injury. Diagnoses of HTN, DM, and CAD defined by International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th Revision Clinical Modification codes. Key Results After adjustment, severe traumatic injury was significantly associated with HTN (HR 2.78, 95% CI 2.18–3.55), DM (HR 4.45, 95% CI 2.15–9.18), and CAD (HR 4.87, 95% CI 2.11–11.25), compared with no injury. Less severe injury was associated with HTN (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24) and CAD (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11–2.37). Conclusions Severe traumatic injury is associated with the subsequent development of HTN, DM, and CAD. These findings have profound implications for the primary care of injured service members in both the DoD/VA health systems and may be applicable to civilian trauma patients as well. Further exploration of pathophysiologic, health behavior, and mental health changes after trauma is warranted to guide future intervention strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enduring Health Consequences of Combat Trauma: a Legacy of Chronic Disease

et al. 2020

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“…These data illustrate the importance of engaging firearm owners in this work because some clinicians and medical organizations frame their message about firearm safety in a way that can be off-putting to families who keep guns for hunting or personal protection. Physicians should recognize that the public health message about the importance of safely storing firearms is very similar to the safe storage message promoted by physician gun owners, and gun rights and shooting sports groups [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multicenter Evaluation of a Firearm Safety Intervention in the Pediatric Outpatient Setting

Campbell

Thaker

Fallat

et al. 2020

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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“…23 Eleven health professional organizations and the American Bar Association have recommended numerous national interventions that included protecting children from gunshot injuries. [24][25][26][27][28] The American Academy of Pediatrics has conlcuded that "the absence of guns from homes and communities is the most effective measure to prevent suicide, homicide, and unintentional injuries to children and adolescents". 29 Because the gun lobby in the U.S. influenced legislation prohibiting government during the past 25 years from allocating resources to study the problem, the state of the science of firearm injuries among American children has lagged behind other areas of injury prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24–28 The American Academy of Pediatrics has conlcuded that “the absence of guns from homes and communities is the most effective measure to prevent suicide, homicide, and unintentional injuries to children and adolescents”. 29 Because the gun lobby in the U.S. influenced legislation prohibiting government during the past 25 years from allocating resources to study the problem, the state of the science of firearm injuries among American children has lagged behind other areas of injury prevention. 30 In 2017, the Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS) Consortium, a National Institute for Child Health and Human Development-funded group of scientists and stakeholders, was formed to develop research resources for a pediatric-specific research agenda for firearm injury prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Firearm Deaths in The Youngest Americans: Ecologic Correlation with Firearm Prevalence

Bleyer

Siegel

Thomas

2019

Preprint

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Background: In the United States (U.S.), the overall death rate in 1-4 year-olds had been steadily declining until 2011, after which it ceased to improve. To understand this trend reversal, we investigated trends in the causes of their deaths. Methods: Mortality data were obtained from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, firearm background check data from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, and civilian firearm prevalence from the Small Arms Survey. Findings: In 1-4 year-olds, the rate of fatal firearm accidents during 2002-2017 increased exponentially at an average rate of 6.0%/year (p=0.0003). The rate of increase was the greatest of all evaluable causes of death in the age group. Both the rate increase and most recent absolute rate in firearm accidental deaths in young children were correlated with the concurrent corresponding rate of firearm background checks (p = 0.0002 and 0.003, respectively). Also, the firearm accidental death rate in countries with high civilian firearm prevalence was correlated with the number of guns per civilian population (p=0.002). Interpretation: Prior to 2004, the childhood firearm death rate did not increase during the Federal Assault Weapons Ban. Since 2004 when the Ban ended, the steadily increasing rate of sales and concomitant availability of, and access to, firearms in the U.S. has been associated with an increase in fatal firearm accidents in its youngest children. The acceleration of firearm deaths and injuries among young Americans requires urgent, definitive solutions that address firearm prevalence. Funding: No external funding.

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Recommendations from the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma’s Firearm Strategy Team (FAST) Workgroup: Chicago Consensus I

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

The Enduring Health Consequences of Combat Trauma: a Legacy of Chronic Disease

The Enduring Health Consequences of Combat Trauma: a Legacy of Chronic Disease

A Multicenter Evaluation of a Firearm Safety Intervention in the Pediatric Outpatient Setting

Increasing Firearm Deaths in The Youngest Americans: Ecologic Correlation with Firearm Prevalence

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