Recommendations for the control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE): A guide for acute care health facilities

Abstract

Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials, including carbapenems, have emerged as a significant global public health threat. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), place patients at risk of potentially untreatable infection. Australia has not reported a large number of CPE cases compared to Europe, North America, and the Middle East, creating an opportunity to prevent CPE from becoming established in Australia.An outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase in 2014 demonstrated there was variable testing, reporting, response to and communication of CPE. In response, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care formed a taskforce to assist health facilities to respond to the threat of CPE. Recommendations for state and territory health departments include coordinating a risk assessment, undertaking epidemiological and microbiological investigations, determining the requirement for control measures, and coordinating risk-communication activities. The response should take advice from experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, public health, infection prevention and control and epidemiologists.The guide aims to: Alert healthcare professionals, health departments and hospital executives to the emerging threat of CPE in Australia Recommend strategies to prevent, detect and contain CPE Provide information and resources for hospital executives, healthcare professionals and consumers Recommend laboratory screening and confirmation methods.The recommendations with rationale and commentary have been structured into sections depending on the burden of CPE in the health facility. The sections include: planning, preparing and prevention; CPE screening and surveillance; strategies to reduce CPE transmission; outbreak management; laboratory screening and confirmation methods.

Neonates with Maternal Colonization of Carbapenemase-Producing, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Mini-Review and a Suggested Guide for Preventing Neonatal Infection

“…Evidence-based guidelines for CP-CRE exist in different countries, including England [27,28], France [29], the United States of America [6], Australia [30] and Canada [31]. They provided generalized guidelines to minimize spread in healthcare facilities, as this is the main area where the spread is thought to occur.…”

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Evaluations for the Differentiation of Carbapenem-Resistant from Susceptible Enterobacteriaceae Strains

“…Various techniques are currently used in routine clinical diagnostics and surveillance to identify species and ascertain Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). These may depend on the settings and include traditional phenotypic methods such as biochemical tests and gold standard bacterial culture methods [3].…”